Achillea millefolium

Fig. 2.19 Compounds 71-73, flavonoids identified from Achillea millefolium. Compounds 74-78, flavonoids identified from Pulicaria dysenterica...

It is convenient to mention at this point a recent study on chemical variation involving the essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium growing... 

Mockute, D. and Judzentiene, A. 2003. Variability of the essential oils composition of Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium growing wild in Lithuania. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 31 1033-1045. 

Valant-Vetschera, K. M. and Wollenweber, E. 1988. Leaf flavonoids of the Achillea millefolium group. 11. Distribution patterns of free aglycones in leaf exudates. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 16 605-614. 

For many herbalists, a favorite method of treating a cold, flu or fever is to give a strong tea of elder blossoms, peppermint (Menthapiperita) leaves and either yarrow (Achillea millefolium) or ginger root (zingiber officinale). The tea is often consumed while sitting in a hot bath to further open the pores. The... 

At the first sign of a cold, it can be mixed with hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), peppermint (Mentha piperita) and yarrow (.Achillea millefolium). 

Results of experiments with water and ethanol extracts from sesquiterpene-enriched plants Achillea millefolium and Gaillardia pulchella are given in Table 2. The inhibitory effects are dependent on the solvents and the concentration of plant material. Strongest effects were observed mainly, for leaves and flowers. 

Fig. 1 The fluorescing images of secretory cells under luminescent microscope. A and B. Blue-fluorescing stinging and non-stinging secretory hairs of Urtica dioica, relatively on stem and leaf C and D - green-yellow-fluorescing leaf glandular trichomes of Lycopersicon esculentum and Solanum tuberosum, E. - Blue-fluorescing leaf cells of Achillea millefolium F - yellow fluoresced gland of leaf Calendula officinalis., G., H and I -secretory hairs, idioblasts and crystal on the surface on the root of Ruta graveolens, relatively.

Fig. 4 The histograms of the fluorescence intensity (ratio red/green) for the secretory cells (the amount of cells fluorescing in green 520-540 nm) of developing leaf from Achillea millefolium. Upper histograms - leaf without developing secretory cells lower histograms - after the appearence of secretory cells. (The amount of red fluorescing cells on the leaf surface decreased as can be seen from smaller heights of histograms).

The most promising allelopathic weeds are hawkweeds (Hieracium spp.). They are effective in reducing other asteraceous weeds (Murphy and Aarssen 1995b) and yellow hawkweed (H. pratense Tausch.) inhibited Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.), perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), and annual sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) however, the long-term effect on perennial species is unclear (Murphy 2001). 

English marigold Caienduia officinalis), fennel, yarrow Achillea millefolium), dandelion, angelica, cilantro, feverfew Tanacetum parthenium), tansy Tanacetum vulgare)... 

Achillea millefolium L. over 30 Geranium fremontii Torr. under 25... 

Achillea millefolium L. China Alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoides, achillin, betonicine, achilleine, d-camphor, desacetylmatricarin.33 Antibacterial, treat menopause, abdominal pain, acute intestinitis, wound infection, snakebite. 

Guedon, D., P. Abbe, and J. L. Lamaison. 1993. Leaf and flower head flavonoids of Achillea millefolium L. subspecies. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 21 607-611. 

Achillea millefolium, Biota orientalis, Blumea balsumifera, Chrysanthemum parthenium, C. vulgare, Cinnamomum camphora, C. cassia, Dryobalanops aromatica, Elettaria cardamomum, Salvia officinalis Apocynum androsaemifolium, Thevetai peruviana Aquilegia vulgaris... 

Achillea millefolium, Alpinia galanga, Artemisia vulgaris, Crocus sativus, Eucalyptus citriodora,... 

Achillea millefolium, A. archangelica, Atractylodes macrocephala, Hierochloe odorata, Pulsatilla chinensis... 

Achillea millefolium, Mentha arvensis, M. haplocalyx, M. pulegium, M. spicata, M. x piperita... 

Achillea millefolium, Anethum graveoleus, Aspidium filix-mis, Aster tataricus, Calendula officinalis, Dryopteris filix-mas, Inula britannica, I.japonica, Lycopodium clavatum, L. obscurum, Myrica cerifera, M. penxylvanica, Peucedanum graveolens, Sambucus nigra, S. canadensis Melia azedarach... 

Achillea millefolium (Yarrow, milfoil, nosebleed, woundwort, stanchweed)... 

The genus Achillea is distributed in temperature regions of the Northern Hemisphere, especially in Europe and Asia. Achillea millefolium is a species frequently used in Europe and America alike. Many species of this genus are rich in essential oil, SQLs, and flavonoids. It is used internally as an antitussive agent and externally as an analgesic. 

Very little quantitative data have been reported in relation to the concentration of aconitic acid in various plant juices other than from cane sorghum and from sugar cane varieties although the acid has been identified in the juices from many other species of plants. It has been isolated from a variety of species of Aconitum,1-7-11 Delphinium,9 12 and Equisetum,2 3-l2a and also from Achillea millefolium,Adonis vernalis,u,lb Helinus ovatus,16 Sansevieria zeylancia,17 wheat,18 and from barley, maize, oat and rye plants.19 It can indeed be said that aconitic acid, at least qualitatively, is a commonly occurring constituent in the plant kingdom. 

The analysis of essential oils which contain monoterpenoids has contributed many papers to the literature this year a disturbing number of analyses are trivial and furnish little that is new. The validity of the natural occurrence of minor components can be questioned in the light of isolation technique linalyl acetate yields eleven monoterpenoids on steam distillation.87 Analyses of interest are the major component (58%) of the steam-volatile leaf oil of Zieria aspalathoides is (—)-car-3-en-2-one 88 (+)-2,6-dimethyloct-7-en-4-one is the major component (97%) in Phebalium glandulosum subsp. glandulosum 89 major components in Achillea millefolium essential oil (isolated by steam distillation ) are sabinene and artemisia ketone,90 which is incorrectly named by the authors as isoartemisia ketone (possibly from... 

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