Acetylenic alcohols, alkylation alkyl sulfates

Alkylphthalimides, preparation, 676 reaction with hydrazine, 676 Alkyl sulfates, alkylation, of acetylenes by, 80 of alcohols by, 228 of amines by, 667-669 of 6-keto esters by, 347 of ketones by, 339 of malonic esters by, 489 of nitriles by, 600... 

Alcohols are appreciably harder than phenols to alkylate with dialkyl sulfates. Here an essential point for success is complete exclusion of water.691 Alkylation of alcohols is relatively smooth only if they contain activated hydroxyl groups, as in allyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol,692 acetylenic alcohols,693 cyanohydrins, trifluoroethanol,694 mandelic acid,695 2-chloro-ethanol,696 or 2-alkoxyethanols.697... 

Olefins, diolefins, and acetylenes are attacked by even 76 per cent acid. High temperatures and acid concentrations favor polymerization of olefins, and low temperatures and acid concentrations favor the formation of alkyl acid sulfates, neutral esters, and sec. and tert. alcohols. Higher alcohols, dipolymers, and to some extent acid alkyl sulfates dissolve in cracked distillate and upon redistillation the acid alkyl sulfates decompose, yielding alcohols, sulfur dioxide, and colored materials. These sul-... 

Etherification. The reaction of alkyl haUdes with sugar polyols in the presence of aqueous alkaline reagents generally results in partial etherification. Thus, a tetraaHyl ether is formed on reaction of D-mannitol with aHyl bromide in the presence of 20% sodium hydroxide at 75°C (124). Treatment of this partial ether with metallic sodium to form an alcoholate, followed by reaction with additional aHyl bromide, leads to hexaaHyl D-mannitol (125). Complete methylation of D-mannitol occurs, however, by the action of dimethyl sulfate and sodium hydroxide (126). A mixture of tetra- and pentabutyloxymethyl ethers of D-mannitol results from the action of butyl chloromethyl ether (127). Completely substituted trimethylsilyl derivatives of polyols, distillable in vacuo, are prepared by interaction with trim ethyl chi oro s il an e in the presence of pyridine (128). Hexavinylmannitol is obtained from D-mannitol and acetylene at 25.31 MPa (250 atm) and 160°C (129). 

Alkyloxyl polyether alcohols Dodecyl benzene sodium sulfonate Polyoxy ethylene soibitan monooleate Sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate Sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate Sodium tetradecyl sulfate Acetylenic glycols Tetrasodium pyrophosphate... 

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