Acetylcholine release modulation

Baghdoyan, H. A., Lydic, R. Fleegal, M. A. (1998). M2 muscarinic autoreceptors modulate acetylcholine release in the medial pontine reticular formation. 

Douglas, C. L., Baghdoyan, H. A. Lydic, R. (2002b). Prefrontal cortex acetylcholine release, EEG slow waves, and spindles are modulated by M2 autoreceptors in C57BL/6J mouse. J. Neurophysiol. 87, 2817-22. 

Leonard, T. 0. Lydic, R. (1997). Pontine nitric oxide modulates acetylcholine release, rapid eye movement sleep generation, and respiratory rate. J. Neurosci. 17, 774-85. 

Kurokawa, M., Koga, K., Kase, H., Nakamura, J. Kuwana, Y. (1996). Adenosine A2a receptor-mediated modulation of striatal acetylcholine release in vivo. J. Neurochem. 66 (5), 1882-8. 

Ragozzino ME, Pal SN, Unick K, Stefani MR, Gold PE. 1998. Modulation of hippocampal acetylcholine release and spontaneous alternation scores by intrahippocampal glucose injections. The Journal of Neuroscience 18(4) 1595-1601. 

Stefani MR, Gold PE. 2001. Intrahippocampal infusions of K-ATP channel modulators influence spontaneous alternation performance Relationship to acetylcholine release in the hippocapus. The Journal of Neuroscience 21(2) 609-614. 

Rousseau SJ, Jones IW, Pullar lA, Wonnacott S (2005) Presynaptic alpha7 and non-alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors modulate [ H]d-aspartate release from rat frontal cortex in vitro. Neuropharmacology 49 59-72... 

The available data are consistent with the present thesis that cholinergic inputs to cerebral cortex mediate intradendritic events fundamental to conscious activity as a primary role, and that cholinergic modulation of electrophysiological activity may be secondary, even epiphenomenal. Transduction pathways exist whereby muscarinic receptors (and possibly nicotinic receptors acting presynaptically to inhibit acetylcholine release) may lead to actions on the cytoskeleton directly relevant to consciousness. The thesis presented here describes these pathways and also suggests a possible explanation for the diversity of neuromodulators and metabotropic receptors. Accordingly, qualitative aspects of our consciousness would be finely tuned by a number of neurochemicals, prominent among which is acetylcholine. 

Acetylcholine release. Policosanol produced some interactions in the modulation of the acetylcholine (ACh) release at the mouse neuromuscular junction. Policosanol enhanced to a small extent either the spontaneous or the evoked ACh release. An increase in the rate of the conformational change induced at the nicotinic receptor-channel complex by ACh was also observed L... 

Beani L, Tanganelh S, Antonelh T, et al Noradrenergic modulation of cortical acetylcholine release is both direct and gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 236 230-236, 1986 Beatty WW, Butters N, Janowsky D Patterns of memory failure after scopolamine treatment implications for the chohnergic hypothesis of dementia. Behavioral and Neural Biology 45 196-211, 1986... 

Quera-Salva MA, Orluc A, Goldenberg F, et al Insomnia and use of hypnotics study of a French population. Sleep 14(5) 386-391, 1991 Quirion R, Richard J, Wilson A Muscarinic and nicotinic modulation of cortical acetylcholine release monitored by in vivo microdialysis in freely moving rats. Synapse 17 92-100, 1994... 

Mochizuki T, Okakura-Mochizuki K, Horii A, Yamamoto Y, Yamatodani A (1994) Histaminergic modulation of hippocampal acetylcholine release in vivo. J Neurochem 62 2275-2282. 

Prast H, Fischer H, Tran MH, Grass K, Lamberti C, Philippu A (1997) Modulation of acetylcholine release in the ventral striatum by histamine receptors. Inflamm Res 46 (Suppl 1) S37-S38. 

Thioperamide (20 mg/kg) in combination with zolantidine (20 mg/kg) significantly increased contents of choline in the brain. However, in case of clobenpropit, we could not detect any changes in acetylcholine or choline levels. Therefore, the changes of choline induced by thioperamide may not be due to histamine H3 hetero receptors or probably hetero receptors played a minor role in the modulation of acetylcholine release. 

The relationship between these two neurotransmitters suggests that the role of striatal dopamine may be to modulate acetylcholine release that is, the lack of... 

D2-like receptors couple mainly to Gi/o proteins, as mentioned above. However, there is no direct evidence to support this coupling for the release-modulating autoreceptors. Moreover, the subsequent intracellular signal transduction has never been studied directly in axon terminals. Mouse AtT-20 pituitary cells, which release acetylcholine and adrenocorticotropic hormone, have been used as a model for axon terminals. When expressed in these cells, D3 receptors mediated inhibition of P/Q-type calcium channels and activation of G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channels (Kuzhikandathil et al. 1998 Kuzhikandathil and Oxford 1999). Both would explain the autoreceptor-mediated inhibition of dopamine exocytosis. 

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