G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying

DHPR dihydropteridine reductase GIRK G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channel... 

HTxR, serotonin receptor CB1R, cannabinoid-1 DAT, dopamine transporter GABA, y-aminobutyric acid Kir3 channels, G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide i -OR, H-opioid receptor nAChR, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor NET, norepinephrine transporter NMDAR, N -methyl-D-aspartate receptor SERT, serotonin transporter VMAT, vesicular monoamine transporter indicates data not available. 

Yamakura, T., Lewohl, J. M. Harris, R. A. Differential effects of general anesthetics on G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying and other potassium channels, Anesthesiology 2001, 95, 144-153. 

Loyet KM, Kowalchyk JA, Chaudhary A et al (1998) Specific binding of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion (CAPS), a potential phos-phoinositide effector protein for regulated exocytosis. J Biol Chem 273 8337 13 Luscher C, Jan LY, Stoffel M et al (1997) G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channels (GIRKs) mediate postsynaptic but not presynaptic transmitter actions in hippocampal neurons. Neuron 19 687-95... 

D2-like receptors couple mainly to Gi/o proteins, as mentioned above. However, there is no direct evidence to support this coupling for the release-modulating autoreceptors. Moreover, the subsequent intracellular signal transduction has never been studied directly in axon terminals. Mouse AtT-20 pituitary cells, which release acetylcholine and adrenocorticotropic hormone, have been used as a model for axon terminals. When expressed in these cells, D3 receptors mediated inhibition of P/Q-type calcium channels and activation of G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channels (Kuzhikandathil et al. 1998 Kuzhikandathil and Oxford 1999). Both would explain the autoreceptor-mediated inhibition of dopamine exocytosis. 

Lovinger DM, Merritt A, Reyes D (1994) Involvement of N- and non-N-type calcium channels in synaptic transmission at corticostriatal synapses. Neurosci 62(1) 31 10 McAllister SD, Griffin G, Satin LS, Abood ME (1999) Cannabinoid receptors can activate and inhibit G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels in a xenopus oocyte expression system. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 291(2) 618-26... 

The role of Gpy, released from pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, in coupling activated receptor to effectors further complicates specificity. Delta opioids activate G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channels [50] activation of such channels occurs by direct binding of Gp-y to various regions of the channel [51]. Delta agonist-mediated increase in the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores in NG108-15 cells is mediated by Gp-y subunits [52], and Gp antibodies inhibited DPDPE stimulated PLC-p activation and, therefore, Ins(l,4,5)P3-dependent Ca2+ release and smooth muscle contraction in intestinal smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig [46]. However, the Ga... 

Gregerson KA, Flagg TP, O Neill TJ, Anderson M, Lauring O, Horel JS, Welling PA (2001) Identification of G protein-coupled, inward rectifier potassium channel gene products from the rat anterior pituitary gland. Endocrinology 742 2820—2832. 

Fig. 1. P -AR subtype-specific signaling in cardiac myocytes. Cav, caveolae GIRK, G protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel If, nonselective cation channel NHERF, indicates NHERF/EBP50 (Na+/H+ exchange regulatory factor) or arelated protein PLB, phospholamban PSD-95, indicates PSD-95 or a related protein TnC, troponin C TnT, troponin T. Dashed lines indicate postulated signaling pathways that have not been verified experimentally.

Knoflach F, Kemp JA (1998) Metabotropic glutamate group II receptors activate a G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K current in neurones of the rat cerebellum. J Physiol 509 347-354. 

Guo J, Ikeda SR (2004) Endocannabinoids modulate N-type calcium channels and G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels via CB 1 cannabinoid receptors heterologously expressed in mammalian neurons. Mol Pharmacol 65 665-674... 

Assays that measure the ability of ligands to inhibit voltage-activated Ca channels or to stimulate the activity of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channels (GIRK). 

Ho BY, Uezono Y, Takada S, Takase I, and Izumi F (1999) Coupling of the expressed cannabinoid CBl and CB2 receptors to phospholipase C and G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channels. Receptors Channels 6 363-74. 

---