Acetyl chloride Acetylcholine

The association between acetylcholine levels and Alzheimer s disease, as noted more than once previously, has led to the search for novel compounds that raise the level of that neurotransmitter by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, the agent of its inactivation. The benzisoxazole icopezil (60-8) has undergone several trials against that debilitating disease as a result of selective chohnesterase inhibiting activity in the CNS. Friedel-Crafts acylation of the indolone (60-1) with acetyl chloride affords the methyl ketone (60-2). This is then converted to its oxime and that function acylated with acetic anhydride to yield (60-3). Treatment with pyridinium perbromide... 

SYNS ACECOLINE ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE ACETYLCHOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE ACETYLCHOLINIUM CHLORIDE 2-(ACETYL-OXY)-N,N,N-TRIMETHYLETHANAMINIUM CHLORIDE ACH CHLORIDE ARTEROCOLINE CHOLINE... 

Outline a synthesis of acetylcholine iodide using dimethylamine, oxirane, iodomethane, and acetyl chloride as starting materials. 

Potential oscillation was measured in the presence of cholinergic agents (acetylcholine chloride, carbamylcholine chloride, carbamyl- d-methylcholine chloride, and acetyl-/6-methylcholine chloride) and anticholinergic agents (tetramethylammonium chloride, tetra-ethylammonium chloride, succinylcholine chloride, hexamethonium chloride, scopolamine hydrobromide, atropine sulfate, homatropine hydrochloride, and tubocurarine chloride)... 

FIG. 18 Chemical structures of (a) acetylcholine chloride, (b) carbamylcholine chloride, (c) carba-myl-y8-methylcholine chloride, (d) acetyl-/i-methylcholine chloride, (e) tetramethylammonium chloride, (f) tetraethylamonium chloride, (g) succinylcholine chloride, (h) hexamethonium chloride, (i) scopolamine hydrobromide, 0 atropine sulfate, (k) homatropine hydrochloride, and (1) tubocurar-ine chloride. 

Acetylcholine Acetylcholine, 2-acetoxy-A,A,A-trimethylethyl ammonium chloride (13.1.2), is easily synthesized in a number of different ways. For example, 2-chloroethanol is reacted with trimethylamine, and the resulting A,A,A-trimethylethyl-2-ethanolamine hydrochloride (13.1.1), also called choline, is acetylated by acetic acid anhydride or acetylchloride, giving acetylcholine (13.1.2). A second method consists of reacting trimethylamine with ethylene oxide, giving A,A,A-trimethylethyl-2-ethanolamine hydroxide (13.1.3), which upon reaction with hydrogen chloride changes into the hydrochloride (13.1.1), which is further acetylated in the manner described above. Finally, acetylcholine is also formed by reacting 2-chloroethanol acetate with trimethylamine [1-7]. 

Molitor H A comparative study of the effects of five choline compounds used in therapeutics Acetylcholine chloride, acetyl-beta-methylcholine chloride, carbaminoyl choline, ethyl ether beta-methylcholine chloride, carbaminoyl betamethylcholine chloride. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1936 58 337. 

Methacholine, acetyl (3-methylcholine, (see previous structure and SAR discussion) is marketed as the racemic mixture. It is a selective muscarinic agonist with very little activity at nicotinic receptors. Although methacholine chloride is marketed as the racemic mixture, the S-(+)-enantiomer is 240-fold more potent than the R-(-)-isomer at muscarinic receptors. In addition, AChE hydrolyzes S-(+)-methacholine at approximately 54% the rate of acetylcholine, whereas the R-(-)-enantiomer is a weak inhibitor. Methacholine chloride is used via inhalation for the diagnosis of asthma. The resulting bronchospasm may be relieved with bronchodilators. Methacholine chloride is available as a powder that is reconstituted for inhalation. 

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