Acetate as carbon source

Molar growth yields (TCH4) were determined for Methanosarcina barkeri growing on a mineral salt medium with either methanol (gas phase Ni) or with methanol/lT2 as energy source and acetate as carbon source The Y CH4 values on methanol/N2 (3.2 g cells/mol CH4) and on methanol/H2(2.8gcells/molCH4) were almost the same [43] and can therefore not be used to calculate the energy requirement for methanol oxidation. 

D-Mannitol is also widely distributed in plants and was the first crystalline sugar alcohol to be obtained from a natural source, the manna ash [126]. It is also found in large amounts (70-90% w/w) in the exudates of the olive and the plane trees [127]. D-Mannitol is found in relatively large amounts in seaweeds of Laminaria and Mycrocystis species [128]. Species of the mold Aspergillus, produce D-mannitol by fermentation, using D-glucose or acetate as carbon sources [129]. 

E. coli using glucose, pyruvate, and acetate as carbon sources. Lipids produced by the... 

E. coli Hydrogen and PHB A/B Since PHB is an intracellular compound and hydrogen is distributed into the gas phase, they can be easily separated. Engineered hydrogen-producing E. coli produced toxic compound acetate as main by-products, while PHB accumulation used extracellular acetate as carbon source. 5... 

As can be seen from Table I, pyruvate and lactate at 1% resulted in the highest yield of 2-methoxy-3-isopropyl pyrazine. At the 2% level these substrates resulted in a decrease of approximately 30% in the amount of pyrazine with a much greater drop at 0.2% and 0.5% levels. This is in contrast to glucose and fructose as carbon source where the amount of pyrazine synthesized was inversely related to the initial concentration of sugar in the media. Sodium acetate yielded about 20 ng/mL which is impressive considering that the cell numbers were 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than that found... 

Besides the by-products from palm oil refining processes, the feasibility of using POME as the feedstock in PHA production had also been studied. Anaerobically, treated POME was used as carbon source for PHA production by Rhodobacter sphaeroides IPO 12203 and Comamonas sp. EB172 (Hassan et al. 1996, 1997b Zakaria et al. 2010a). The organic acids produced from anaerobic treatment of POME, particularly acetic and propionic acids, were successfully converted into PHA with polymer contents ranging from 59 to 67 wt% of CDW. 

The first variable we faced was the influence of different carbon supports (Fig. 5, catalysts 1, 2, and 3). In these several smdies [65, 67, 70, 72] various types of carbons, MFC, rGO, and CNN, respectively, were used as support and impregnated with 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) ligand molecule as nitrogen source and Fe(n) acetate as iron source. After an initial drying process, the formed complexes impregnated on the carbon based materials were pyrolyzed and acid leached to remove aU iron moieties not anchored to the carbon-based structure. 

Acetogenic bacteria fix CO2 via the Wood-Ljungdahl (W-L) metabolic pathway as shown in Scheme 9.15. The pathway comprises two branches, the methyl branch and the carbonyl branch, by which CO2 and CO as carbon sources are converted into acetic acid and ethanol. In the methyl branch, one CO2 molecule is converted. 

In the 1970s, the oil crisis generated a need for alternative raw materials. Coal and especially natural gas were reconsidered as carbon sources. Synthesis gas, now produced from natural gas, became an alternative feedstock for the production of oxygenated hydrocarbons. For instance, a new process employing organorhodium compounds was developed to produce acetic anhydride from synthesis gas via carbonylation of methyl acetate. 

Various bacteria own the ability to produce propionic acid within their metabolic pathways. Present-day research is focused on strains of Propionibacteriaceae and Clostridiaceae. Propionibacteria are using the dicarboxylic acid pathway (methylmalonyl coenzyme A-pathway) to produce the desired product. These gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria are able to use glucose, sucrose, lactate, lactose and glycerol as carbon source. The metabolic end products are propionate, succinate, carbon dioxide and acetate. Professionals acknowledge Propionibacterium... 

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