A-melanocyte

CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) is a hypothalamic peptide that inhibits both normal and starvation-induced feeding when injected into cerebral ventricles of rats. CART is co-localized with the anorexigenic peptide a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in neurons of the arcuate nucleus. Secretion of CART is stimulated by leptin and CART may be an endogenous inhibitor of food intake. 

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is the precursor peptide of hormones and neuropeptides expressed in the pituitary and the hypothalamus (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), lipotropin, a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (aMSH), yMSH, 3-endorphin, and others). The main clinical consequences of POMC deficiency are adrenal insufficiency (due to absence of ACTH), red hair pigmentation (due to absence of MSH) and severe early-onset obesity (due to the lack of aMSH). 

III. Abnormalities of the dermis and dermal epidermal interface A. Melanocyte abnormalities ... 

Furthermore, a melanocyte line that has reverted in culture from albino to wild type has restored the cysteine codon at position 85 (Jackson and Bennett, 1990). In vivo studies (see below) proved that the c-locus encodes tyrosinase and showed that expression of a tyrosinase minigene rescues the albino phenotype (Yokoyama et al., 1990 Tanaka et al., 1990 Beermann et al., 1990). 

Lowings, P., Yavuzer, U., and Goding, C. (1992). Positive and negative elements regulate a melanocyte-specific promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 3653-3662. 

Takeda, K., et al. (2006). Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase as a melanocyte marker regulated by MUF. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 339, 1098-106. 

FIGURE 1 8-5 Tissue-specific processing of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) precursor yields a wide array of bioactive peptide products. Processing of the POMC precursor varies in various tissues. In anterior pituitary, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH (1-39)) and P-1 ipo tropin (P-LPH) are the primary products of post-translational processing. Arcuate neurons produce the potent opiate P-endorphin (P-endo (1-31)) as well as ACTIK1 -13) NIT,. Intermediate pituitary produces a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (aMSH), acetylated P endof 1 31) and P-endo(l-27). NTS, nucleus tractus solitarius. 

Grabbe, S. et al., a-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone induces hapten-specific tolerance in mice, J. Immunol. 156, 473 178, 1996. 

Alpha LFW-1 ring/block test, 9 714 (H)-a-lipoic acid, 17 672 a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone... 

Stouffer, J. E., and /. A, Watters jr. The reversible masking of the lysine residue in a-melanocyte stimulating hormone. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 104. 214 -217 (1965). 

The anorexigenic (appetite-suppressing) neurons in the arcuate nucleus produce a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH), formed from its polypeptide precursor pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC Fig. 23-6). Release of a-MSH causes the next neuron in the circuit to send the signal to the brain, Stop eating ... 

The dendrites of a melanocyte contact about 36 keratinocytes and are able to transfer melanosomes to these adjacent cells. The numbers and sizes of the melanosomes as well as melanin structure determine differences in skin color.131 Similar cells in amphibians, the melanophores, also contain light receptors p Their melanosomes are not transferred to other cells but may be either clustered near the center of the cell or dispersed. The location can be changed quickly by transport of the melanosomes along a network of microtubules allowing the animals to change in response to changes in light color.0)... 

DBS, CTS, NLS and CRS stand for DNA binding signal, cytosolic translocation signal, nuclear localization signal and cell recognition signal, respectively. MSH is a-melanocyte stimulating hormone. pLK is poly lysine. 

MSH melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a melanocyte is a pigment cell in the skin)... 

Only a small number of proteins and peptides have been analyzed by various investigators by methods designed specifically to determine whether methionine sulfoxide is one of the constituent amino acids. One of these, an analog of the a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone from bovine pituitary glands (9), was found to contain the sulfoxide. However, the authors expressed some concern over the possibility of oxidation during isolation of the sample. 

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