A-efficiency

Fig. 4.6. Efficiency plols for irreversible uncooled and single-slep cooled cycles (after Ref.. S ). (a) Efficiency against maximum temperature, (b) Efficiency again.st non-dimensional maximum temperature, (c) Efficiency against combustion temperature (F,) and rotor inlet temperature (F ).

Agrawal, R. Mehta, M. Kofke, D. A., Efficient evaluation of three-phase coexistence lines, lnt. J. Thermophys. 1994,15, 1073-1083... 

Hydrogen sulfide can be prepared from the elements, but the unfavorable heat of formation of H2Se and H2Te indicates that producing them by direct combination is not a efficient route. Instead, they are first obtained as selenides and tellurides, which then react with an acid. 

Basic issues related to the active materials for water photosplitting concern (a) efficient charge separation, good carrier mobility and lifetime (b) proper posi-... 

Van Nispen, S.E.G.M., van Buijtenen, J., Vekemans, J.A.J.M., Meuldijk, J. and Hulshof, L.A., Efficient dynamic kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols with a novel tetrafluorosuccinato ruthenium complex. Tetrahedron Asymm., 2006, 17, 2299. 

Lemaire et al. have developed a efficient fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA)-mediated synthesis of aminocyclitol analogs of valiolamine [34], This one-pot route involves the formation of two C—C bonds where four stereocenters are created. The first C—C bond formation reaction is catalyzed by the aldolase, coupling DHAP to nitrobutyraldehydes the other one is the result of a highly stereoselective intramolecular Henry reaction occurring on the intermediate nitroketone under acidic conditions during the aldolase-catalyzed reaction and phytase-catalyzed phosphate hydrolysis coupled step (Scheme 4.13). 

Two precautions should be kept in mind Neuromuscular blocking drugs inhibit, concentration-dependently, all skeletal muscles including those necessary for respiration. If these muscles are paralyzed by these drugs artificial respiration must be applied since central or peripheral nerve stimulation, for example with analeptics are useless. Furthermore is it important to realize that the individual subjected to a efficient neuro-muscular blockade is fully conscious and aware of any pain although completely unable to express discomfort. 

The asymmetric alcoholytic ring opening of 4-substituted-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazin-6-ones proved to be a efficient method for the preparation of enatiomerically pure /3-amino acid derivatives <2005AGE7466>. Treatment of 2,4-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazin-6-one 208 in the presence of the bifunctional chiral thiourea catalyst 211 resulted in formation of an enantiomerically enriched mixture of the unchanged oxazinone (iJ)-208 and allyl (4)-3-benzoyl-amino-3-phenylpropanoate 209. The resolved material (iJ)-208 and the product 209 could easily be separated by a selective hydrolytic procedure that converted oxazinone (iJ)-208 quantitatively into the insoluble iV-benzoyl /3-amino acid 210 (Scheme 37). 

MCC and carrageenan LustreClear FMC BioPolymer, Newark, Delaware, U.S.A. Efficient tablet-coating with short hydration time prior to coating and fast drying time... 

Huang, D., Caflisch, A. Efficient Evaluation of Binding Free Energy Using Continuum Electrostatics Solvation. J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 5791-5797. 

Dijksman, A. Elzinga, M., J. Li, Yu-Xin, Arends, I., Sheldon, R., A. Efficient ruthenium-catalyzed racemization of secondary alcohols application to dynamic kinetic resolution. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 2002, 13, 879-884. 

Resolution is a term used to describe the degree of separation between neighboring solute bands or peaks. It is affected by the selectivity (a), efficiency (N) and capacity (k ) of the column. The resolution equation [Eq. (1.3)] describes the relationship between those factors and indicates how they can be manipulated in order to improve the resolution between two peaks. 

Spitler, M. Parkinson, B. A. Efficient infrared dye sensitization of van der Waals surfaces of semiconductor electrodes, Langmuir 1986, 2, 549. 

Sebestyen F, Dibo G, Furka A, Efficiency and limitations of the portioning-mixing peptide synthesis, In Schneider CH, Eberle AN eds., Peptides 1992, ESCOM, Leiden, 1993, p. 63. 

The sterically demanding organoboranes provide a efficient tool for non-catalytic ds-hydrogenation of carbon-carbon triple bonds. Coupled with protonolysis, this sequence gives an elegant method for the synthesis of corresponding m-enynes or... 

Raoult F, Boscheron ACL, Husson D, Sauteret C, Modena A, Malka V, Dorchies F, Migus A. Efficient generation of narrow-bandwidth picosecond pulses by frequency doubling of femtosecond chirped pulses. 1998 Opt Lett 23 1117-1119. 

As was discussed in Chapter 1 resolution, R, is a measure of the distance between two adjacent peaks in terms of the number of average peak widths than can fit between the band (zone) centers. Assuming symmetrical (Gaussian) peaks, when R = 1, peak separation is nearly complete with only about 2% overlap. This case was shown in Chapter 1, Figure 1-4. Resolution results from the physical and chemical interactions that occur as the sample travels through the column. It should, therefore, be no surprise that resolution may also be expressed in terms of the contribution of the individual column characteristics separation factor (selectivity, a), efficiency (narrowness of peak, N), and capacity factor (residence time, k ) of the first component. The equation that describes this interrelationship is... 

A2. Abrahamson, M., Dalbpge, H, Olafsson, I., Carlsen, S., and Grubb, A., Efficient production of native, biologically active human cystatin C by Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 236(1), 14—18 (1988). 

A efficient three-component solution-phase condensation of a 3-amino-5-alkylthio-1,2,4-triazoles with an aromatic aldehyde and an acetoacetamide was developed by Qiebanov and co-workers [100] for the rapid synthesis of 7-ary 1-2-alkylthio, 7-dihydro-1,2,4- triazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamides 54. All reactions were completed within 5 min of microwave irradiation at 120°C and provided the desired dihydroazolopyrimidines 54 in high yields and with excellent purities. The cyclocondensation reactions were performed in ethanol and a significant decrease of the product yield was observed when switching the solvent to acetic acid or DMF or when an acidic catalysts was added (Scheme 40). 

Matusiewicz, H., Suszka, A., Ciszewski, A. Efficiency of wet oxidation with pressurized sample digestion for trace analysis of human hair material. Acta Chim. Hung. 128, 849-859 (1991)... 

Lloyd, G. A., Efficiency of Protective Clothing for Pesticide Spraying. Performance of Protective Clothing, ASTM STP 900, Barker, R. L., and G. C. Coletta, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadel-phia,pp. 121-135, 1986. 

Technological efficiency involves the following features (a) efficiency characterized by the height of a transfer unit (HTU) or the height equivalent of the theoretical plate (HETP) (b) specific productivity and the possibility of operating over a wide range of phase rates (c) ease of putting into and out of operation, reliability. 

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