A D ointment

After 7 days of powder - nine days after the peel itself - all areas should be epithehalized. That night the patient starts compresses of warm face towel (wrung out wet, warm towel), moistened liberally with mineral oil, 20 minutes on, 20 minutes off In the interim. Vaseline and/ or vitamin A D ointment is frosted over the entire mask. 

Figure 8.18 Peeling of thymol Iodide mask after treatment with warm compresses of mineral oil and vitamin A D ointment. Notice pink, smooth epithelium at day 9 post peel...

Farber, E.M. and South, D.A., Urea ointment in the nonsurgical avulsion of nail drystrophies, Cutis, 22, 689, 1978. 

Chiaretti A, Schembri Wismayer D, Tortorolo L, Piastra M, Polidori G. Salicylate intoxication using a skin ointment. Acta Paediatr 1997 86(3) 330-1. 

Ingestion of large amounts of zinc oxide may cause nausea, cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. Zinc oxide is often used in ointments along with vitamins A and D, and toxicity usually develops to these added constituents rather than the zinc oxide. It would require an ingestion of greater than 60 g of a typical ointment to result in vitamin A toxicity. Smaller amounts could also cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea due to the emollient base. As much as... 

Figtire 22.2 Ichthyosis vulgaris before (a) (b) and after (c) (d), combined therapy for 6 weeks. Local treatment was with 0.1% vitamin A acid ointment for 2 weeks followed by 0.05% for a further 2 weeks with a subsequent concentration of 0.01%. After 2 weeks topical treatment, oral therapy was started. This consisted of 5 mg, twice daily for 3 weeks followed by 5 mg daily... 

Calcipotriene (Dovonex) is a synthetic vitamin D analog used for mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. Improvement is usually seen within 2 weeks of treatment, and approximately 70% of patients demonstrate marked improvement after 8 weeks. Adverse effects occur in about 10% of patients and include lesional and perilesional burning and stinging. Calcipotriene 0.005% cream, ointment, or solution is applied one or two times a day (no more than 100 g/wk). 

Figure 6 Different cell types for dissolution testing using the flow-through system. Type (a) tablet cell (12 mm), (b) tablet cell (22.6 mm), (c) cell for powders and granulates, (d) cell for implants, (e) cell for suppositories and soft gelatin capsules, (f) cell for ointments and creams.

Multiply resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci are frequently the cause of postoperative endophtalmitis and require the use of a glycopep-tide (e.g. vancomycin). For topical treatment fusidic acid eye gel, tetracycline or chloramphenicol ointment are available, and can be administered 2 t.d. for 7 days. Trachoma should be treated with an oral macrolide (e.g. a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg azithromycin) or doxycyclin for 3 weeks (for moderate to severe cases). Keratitis needs hourly administration of fortified antibiotic eye drops for 2 weeks. Endophtalmitis needs specialist treatment for 6 weeks. 

Dubertet, L., Wallach, D., Souteyrand, P. et al. Efficacy and safety of calcipotriol (MC903) ointment in psoriasis vulgaris. A randomized, bouble-blind, right/left comparative, vehicle-controlled study. J. Am. 

Pharmaceutical grade poly(ethylene glycols) are poly(ethylene oxides) with terminal hydroxyl groups and have been approved by the E.D.A. and listed in both the United States Pharmacopoeia and Martindale under Macrogols for use as ointment and suppository bases (4J. Poly(ethylene glycol) can be chemically cross-linked retaining the hydrophilic nature of the PEO backbone in an infinite hydrogel network which will imbibe water and swell but not... 

Joos B has reported that ointments centaming 0.1-0.4% of a Tuixture of propiolactone and aqueous albumin 30%) gi-ve excellent cosmetic results with regeneration of the skin. However, if one grants that Complete hydrolysis does not occur rapidly, there are objections to its cosmetic application in vitro propiolactone destroys certain enzymes of skin samples stored for use as grafts ° it is a vesicant (seotkm IX.l..d) and in addition osjtnnogenk. It initiates epitheliomas in rats when iq lied locally. 

Vitamin D has recently found an association with psoriasis, a common disease of the skin. Psoriasis is not curable, but a variety of skin ointments can reduce the severity of the skin lesions. One of these ointments is a chemical analogue of vitamin D called calcipotrlene. Calcipotrienc was developed after initial observations that oral or topical caldtriol was effective against the disease, The drug results in improvement tn 60% of patients (Greaves and Weinstein, 1995),... 

Pelclova D, Lukas E, Urban P, Preiss J, Rysava R, Lebenhart P, Okrouhlik B, Fenclova Z, Lebedova J, Stejskalova A, Ridzon P. Mercury intoxication from skin ointment containing mercuric ammonium chloride. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2002 75(Suppl) S54-9. 

Brisinda G, Maria G, Bentivoglio AR, Cassetta E, Gui D, Albanese A. A comparison of injections of botulinum toxin and topical nitroglycerin ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. N Engl J Med 1999 341(2) 65-9. 

Pallet A, Eichenfield LF, Leung DY, Stewart D, Appell M. A 12-week study of tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001 44(Suppl l) S47-57. 

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