A antigen

FIGURE 14.26 (a) Antigen used to create an abzyme with aminotransferase activity, (b) Aminotransferase reaction catalyzed by the abzyme. 

The alternative pathway may become activated by lipopolysaccharides, endotoxin (sepsis), virus, fungi, immunoglobulin A-antigen (IgA-Ag) immunocom-plexes, and foreign material. These activate C3, after which the common pathway of complement activation takes place (Fig. 4). There are also a number of inhibitors that regulate and control complement activation. The most important are the Cl-esterase inhibitor (Cl-Inh) and the membrane attack complex inhibitor factor (MACIF CD59). In sepsis a relative deficiency of Cl-Inh has been reported. Administration of Cl-Inh to patients with septic shock attenuates complement acti-... 

Erythrocytes are labeled with cell surface antigens that determine blood type. Two types of inherited antigens are found on red blood cells A antigens and B antigens. Accordingly, four blood types are possible (see Table 16.1) ... 

H3. Helbert, M. R., Lage-Stehr, J., and Mitchison, N. A., Antigen presentation, loss of immunological memory and AIDS. Immunol. Today 14, 340-344 (1993). 

A antigen in the saliva while others do not. This is thought to be due to the possession of different types of antigens, some of which appear in the saliva and some do not. Both the blood groups and the ability to secrete an antigen in the saliva are known to be inherited. 

Tanaka S. Takasu Y, Mikura S, Satoh N, Ichikawa A Antigen-independent induction of histamine synthesis by immunoglobulin E in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. J Exp Med 2002 196 229-235. 

Mezzasoma, L., Bacarese-Hamilton, T., DiCristina, M., Rossi, R., Bistoni, R., and Crisanti, A., Antigen microarrays for serodiagnosis of infectious diseases, Clin. Chem., 48, 121-130, 2002. 

If blood from blood group A is transfused into the circulation of an individual with blood group B, for example, then the anti-A present there binds to the A antigens. The donor erythrocytes marked in this way are recognized and destroyed by the complement system (see p. 298). In the test tube, agglutination of the erythrocytes can be observed when donor and recipient blood are incompatible. 

G6. Garoff, H., Simons, K., Ehnholm, C., and Berg, K., Demonstration by disc electrophoresis of the lipoprotein carrying the Lp(a) antigen in human sera. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. B7S, 253-254 (1970). 

Immunoelectrophoresis A Antigen is placed in sample wells. B Electrophoresis c Antiserum containing antibody is placed in trough D Insoluble antigen-antibody complexes form precipitin arcs... 

K(A) ANTIGENS ARE ACIDIC POLYSACCHARIDES MOLECULAR WEIGHTS ABOVE 100 000... 

The structures of the classical A and M antigens of Brucella were recently shown to be hompolymers of 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-a-D-mannopyranose [102, 103]. The A antigen was an a-l,2-linked polymer, while the M antigen was also linear but was composed of a pentasaccharide repeating unit of four a-1,2- and one a-l,3-linked residues. 

Abid Hussein MN, Meesters EW, Osmanovic N, Romijn FP, Nieuwland R, Sturk A. Antigenic characterization of endothelial cell-derived microparticles and their detection ex vivo. J Thromb Haemost 2003 1 2434-2443. 

D12. Dorner, T., Feist, E., Held, C., Conrad, K., Burmester, G. R., and Hiepe, F., Differential recognition of the 52-kd Ro(SS-A) antigen by sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary Sjogren s syndrome. Hepatology 24, 1404-1407 (1996). 

Yl. Yamagata, H., Harley, J. B., and Reichlin, M., Molecular properties of the Ro/SS-A antigen and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of antibody. J. Clin. Invest. 74, 625—633... 

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