Zirconium scrap

ZIRCONIUM POWDER, wetted with not <25% water (UN 1358) (DOT) see ZOAOOO ZIRCONIUM SCRAP (UN 1932) (DOT) see ZOAOOO ZIRCONIUM(IV) SIUCATE (1 1) see ZSSOOO ZIRCONIUM(I 0 SULFATE (1 2) see ZTJOOO ZIRCONIUM TETRACHLORIDE (DOT) see ZPAOOO ZIRCONIUM TETRACHLORIDE, soUd (DOT) see ZPAOOO... 

SYNONYMS zircat, zirconium metal, zirconium powder, zirconium scrap synonyms of other zirconium compounds vary depending upon the specific compound. 

Residual Elements. In addition to carbon, manganese, phosphoms, sulfur, and silicon which are always present, carbon steels may contain small amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen, introduced during the steelmaking process nickel, copper, molybdenum, chromium, and tin, which may be present in the scrap and aluminum, titanium, vanadium, or zirconium, which may have been introduced during deoxidation. 

W. W. AUison, Zirconium, Zircaloy, and Hafnium Safe Practice Guide for Shipping Storing Handling Processing and Scrap Disposal, WAPD-TM-17, Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1960. 

Several incidents in which moisture has contributed to fires or explosions, in some of which water was definitely the sole oxidant, in zirconium, magnesium, uranium and thorium scraps or powders are retailed, largely sourced from an earlier paper. However, a plutonium fire was extinguished with water. 

In the search for substitutes, other considerations than just sulfide stability have to be considered. These include the possible interference of the newly introduced element with other steel porperties, the plasticity of the new sulfides, the physical alloyability of the additive and, of course, the cost effectiveness of the additive. Zirconium and titanium interfere with other properties of the steel because of the excessive stability of their nitrides. Figure 9, and carbides. Figure 10. Although considerable usage of these two elements has played a part in sulfide substitution — over 500 metric tons of nuclear zircalloy scrap were used in — it appears that their role will progressively fade away primarily because of poor low temperature impact properties of steels treated with Zr and Ti. 

For zirconium production, the Van Arkel-de Boer process [1] and the Kroll process [2] are the two main processes applied in the industry. The Van Arkel-de Boer process is also known as the iodide process or the crystal bar process, developed by the Dutch chemists Van Arkel and De Boer in 1925 [1]. It is the first industrial process for the commercial production of pure ductile metallic zirconium, and is still in use for the production of small quantities of ultra-pure titanium and zirconium. The Van Arkel-de Boer process involves the use of elemental iodine and crude metal, in the form of a sponge or alloy scrap, to form a volatile metal iodide at a low temperature. At a high temperature, the metal iodide will thermally decompose into pure metal and gaseous iodine. The Kroll process is a process used to produce titanium metal [2], developed in 1945 by... 

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