Zirconium n-propoxide

The alcohol exchange reaction was shown above in equation (2). The reactive alkoxy group (OR) is replaced by an alkoxy group that has less hydrolysis sensitivity (OR ). A representative example here is the use of reagents such as zirconium n-propoxide and titanium /-propoxide, both of which possess polar bonds, for the production of lead zirconate titanate films. Commonly in these processes, R OH is 2-methoxyethanol (CH3OCH2CH2OH), which is generally present as a bidentate ligand.35... 

Alkoxides (titanium ethoxide, titanium n-propoxide, titanium n-butoxide, titanium sec-butoxide, titanium ethylhexoxide, aluminum sec-butoxide, zirconium n-propoxide, and their mixtures), typically 3 ml, sonicated with propylene carbonate, typically 17 ml, for 20-30 to form uniformly turbid emulsions. Immediate addition of water (10 mol excess) hydrolyzed the alkoxides. Precipitated oxide powders washed (in a Soxhlet extractor) with THF or 2-propanol for 21-30 h, dried, calcinated... 

Solution chemistry precursor solvent nitric acid content water content precursor concentration temperature Titanium n-butoxide (Ti(C4H90)4) methanol 0.125 mol/mol of precursor 4 mol/mol of precursor 0.625 mmol/mL of methanol room temperature Zirconium n-propoxide (Zr(CjH70)4) n-propanol 0.83 mol/mol of precursor 2 mol/mol of precursor 1.0 mmol/mL of n-propanol room temperature... 

T3.8.2.3 Obtained in Microemulsion Ammonium hydroxide was added to a solution containing Igepal Co520 (surfactant) and cyclohexane, and the mixture was shaken to obtain a microemulsion. Solutions of zirconium n-propoxide in acetylacetone and n-butanol (l 0.5 3) and of tetraethyl orthosilicate in water and ethanol (1 1 4) were mixed for 3 h, and the mixture was added to the microemulsion with stirring, and hydrolyzed for 3 d. The final concentrations of alkoxides were 0.0075 M, the water surfactant molar ratio was 0.8, and the water alkoxide molar ratio was 10. The powder was washed with acetone and heated at 900°C for 2 h. 

Zr02 zirconium n-propoxide Berol 02/cyclohexane/sulfuric acid or 22-4P Support material 62 ... 

ZrSi04 zirconium n-propoxide, Igepal Co520/cyclohexane/ammonia 65 Support material 63 ... 

Pb(Zr,Ti)03 Lead (II) acetate, titanium isopropoxide, zirconium n-propoxide Glacial acetic acid, ethylene glycol 4... 

Hardy et al. [177] dispersed zirconium n-propoxide in propylene carbonate to form an emulsion using non-ionic surfactants and added water to hydrolyze the... 

G. De, A. Chatterjee and D. Ganguli, Zirconia fibres from the zirconium n-propoxide-acetylacetone-water-isopropanol system, J. Mater. Sci. Letters, 9,845-846 (1990). 

Other preparation methods have recently been developed. Sulfated metal oxides have been prepared by a sol-gel method [42,57,58], which involves the formation of a zirconium-sulfate co-gel by adding sulfuric acid to zirconium n-propoxide in isopropyl alcohol. This one step method appears to be simpler than the two step preparation procedures and allows a better control of the variables. It also allows the direct formation of biiunctional catalysts by the addition of chloroplatinic acid to the gel mixture. A new preparation method, named rapid thermal decomposition of precursors in solution (RTDS), which involves the use of hot pressurized water at hydrotheimal conditions to force metal ion precursors to go into phases of oxyhydroxides and oxyhydrosulfates, has been used to produce sulfated zirconia with crystallite sizes below 100 A [59]. 

Stable 0.25 M zirconia sol was synthesized by modifying a procedure reported earlier by our laboratory [34]. It was prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of 0.25 mole zirconium n-propoxide in a water (900 ml)/isopropanol (500 ml) solution. The white zirconia precipitates were filtered with vacuum suction and washed in water several times to remove the isopropanol. In this process, a small amount of water was added to the zirconia precipitates to help filtering, and the washed water was filtered again to prevent the loss of zirconia precipitates. The filtered zirconia cake was diluted in 1 liter of water and peptized with 125 ml of 1 M HNO3 solution at 90-100 C overnight. 

In this study, ZT powders were obtained from hydrolysis reactions of zirconium n-propoxide (NPZ) and titanium isopropoxide (tetra-isopropyl titanate - TPT). These reactions were performed by hydrolyzing the alkoxides separately, at the molar ratio of ZriTi of 1 1, in n-propanol, using the sol-gel process at ambient temperature (20°C) and... 

The hydrolysis reaction to obtain zirconium titanate (ZT), ZrTi04, was performed with the alkoxides zirconium n-propoxide (NPZ) (Dupont), and titanium isoproxide (TFT) Dupont, deionized water in the presence of nitric acid (Merck). The solvent used was n-propanol (Merck). 

It was possible to paepare ZrTi04 powders from zirconium n-propoxide and titanium isopropoxide, at a Zr Ti molar ratio of 1 1, in propanol, with and without addition of nitric acid using the sol-gel process at ambient temperature (20 °C) and low thermal treatment. 

De G., Chatterjee A., Ganguli D. Zirconia fibres from zirconium n-propoxide-acetyleacetone-water-isopropanol system. J. Mater. Sd. Lett. 1990 9 845-846 Eichorst D.J., Payne D.A. Evolution of molecular structure in alkoxide-derived lithium niobate. 

Kiruthika et alJ reported the formation of hybrid coatings, derived from 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, zirconium-n-propoxide and methacrylic acid (MAA) based sol coatings, on mild steel. 

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