Zinc chloride, ZnCl

Smoke-Generating Devices. Smoke generators are used by the military for daytime obscuration and signaling. For field use where portable stable systems ate requited, pyrotechnic devices are often employed. The primary composition since the 1940s has been HC smoke, which generates a cloud of zinc chloride, ZnCl, smoke by a series of reactions between hexachloroethane, C2Clg(HC), zinc oxide, and aluminum (3) (eq. 4—6). The zinc regenerated in... 

Chemicals used were of analytical/laboratory grade procured either from Merck or Aldrich. Stock lead and zinc solutions 1,000 mg/L for adsorption study were prepared from AR grade lead nitrate [Pb(N03)j] and from zinc chloride [ZnCl ]. Different concentrations of Pb and Zn solutions were prepared from the stock solutions. All working solutions were prepared by diluting the stock solutions with distilled water. 

A good white smoke can be obtained by the formation of zinc chloride, ZnCl 2, from a reaction between zinc metal and a chlorinated organic compound (the chlorine-containing species serves as the oxidizer). Reaction products that strongly attract moisture (such as ZnCl 2) will have an enhanced smoke effect in humid atmospheres. The burning of elemental phosphoms, producing... 

In Experiment 3, three compounds were tested. These three compounds were treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid in the presence of zinc chloride (ZnCl ). Compound A was ethyl alcohol. Compound B was tert-hvxyX alcohol, and Compound C was 2-propanol. The reactions were based on unimolecular substitution mechanism. 

Lithium chloride (LiCl)/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) was employed as a solvent for cellulose by McCormick et al. [83]. Turbak and coworkers were the first to spin cellulose fibers from this solvent system and studied the process extensively [84]. Patel and Gilbert were the first to report the lyotropic mesophase of cellulose in mixtures of trifluoroacetie acid (TFA) and chlorinated alkanes, such as 1,2-dichloroethane and methylene chloride [85]. Other solvents proposed for cellulose include ammonia (NH3)/ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN), calcium thiocyanate (Ca(SCN)2)/water, zinc chloride (ZnCl)/water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/urea [86], NaOH/thiourea [87, 88], and phosphorie aeid [89, 90]. 

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