Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization catalyst

Over the last 60 years, only few discoveries have had such a visible impact on the development of our modern society than Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization catalysts. They have facilitated large-scale production of synthetic polyolefins and rubbers and subsequently the introduction of cheap commodity materials in our everyday life. 

Gilchrist, J. H. Bercaw, J. E. NMR spectroscopic probe of the absolnte stereoselectivity for metal-hydride and metal-alkyl additions to the carbon-carbon double bond. Demonstration with a single-component, isospecific Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization catalyst. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12021-12028. 

Despite the difference in composition of various olefin polymerization catalysts the problems of the mechanism of their action have much in common. The difference between one-component and traditional Ziegler-Natta two-component catalysts seems to exist only at the stage of genesis of the propagation centers, while the mechanism of the formation of a polymer chain on the propagation center formed has many common basic features for all the catalytic systems based on transition metal compounds. 

Olefin Polymerization Catalysts 18.4.1 Ziegler-Natta Catalysts... 

Studies of the reactions of propylene and alpha-olefins show that the Ziegler-Natta isotactic polymerizations are between the highly cationic and mildly anionic catalysts. 

The reactions between TiCl4 and AlMe3 are of particular interest in studies of olefin-polymerization catalysts as a Ziegler-Natta catalyst system.14 The reaction between a surface TiClx group and AlMe3 gas is known to give an active olefin polymerization catalyst.1... 

Hungenberg, K. D., Kerth, J., Langhauser, F., Marczinke, B. and Schlund, R., Gas Phase Polymerization of a-Olefins with Ziegler-Natta and Metallocene Catalysts a Comparison , in Ziegler Catalysts, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1995, pp. 363-386. 

The Ziegler-Natta catalyst 2,6-diacetylpyridinebisiron(II) chlorotrimethylalu-minium, (I), and procatalyst 2,4- [N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)]phenylimidoyl 6-methyl pyrimidine iron dichloride, (11), were prepared by Kimberley [1] and Gibson [2], respectively, and used as high-activity 1-olefin polymerization catalysts. 

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