Zeolite organic acids

Organo-modified natural zeolites as new tailored natural materials for removal of cations, anions and even organic pollutants may present fairly large potential for water utility companies. The topic of this study was to examine the oxyanions removal from waters by octadecylammonium-enriched inland clinoptilolite. The 18-carbon chain consisting surfactant attached on the clinoptilolite surface, as to the organic acids of living bodies comparable substances, makes the treatment process economic on scale and cost-effective as well.7... 

Deoxygenation by full decarboxylation is the best route to make fuel precursors from bio-oil, because paraffin is produced and expensive hydrogen is not required. Decarboxylation of bio-oil has been tried over zeolites, yielding an aromatic product with a too low yield and excessive coke formation (Section 6.9.3). Selective decarboxylation of organic acids makes the bio-oil less acidic and corrosive. If acids can be removed selectively as CO2, it would also improve the energy... 

The second part of the book covers zeolite adsorptive separation, adsorption mechanisms, zeolite membranes and mixed matrix membranes in Chapters 5-11. Chapter 5 summarizes the literature and reports adsorptive separation work on specific separation applications organized around the types of molecular species being separated. A series of tables provide groupings for (i) aromatics and derivatives, (ii) non-aromatic hydrocarbons, (iii) carbohydrates and organic acids, (iv) fine chemical and pharmaceuticals, (v) trace impurities removed from bulk materials. Zeolite adsorptive separation mechanisms are theorized in Chapter 6. 

Iodophenol on alumina Hypoiodous acid Charcoal or silver zeolite Organic. 

Chemical dealumination route. This technique has been used for decades, and it involves acids (including inorganic and organic acids), alkalis, salts in solution which react with the zeolite for dealumination, or else involves inorganic ligands such as F ... 

Usually, inorganic and organic acids can be used for framework dealumination of zeolites, and the acids include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, and so on. According to its acid-resistance ability, hydrochloric acid can be used for high-silica zeolites such as mordenite, clinoptilolite, erionite, etc. We will take mordenite as an example to describe this dealumination method (Table 6.4). The first step in the treatment of mordenite using hydrochloric acid is to convert the zeolite into H-type, and further acid treatment can then enlarge the pore diameter through dealumination. After partial dealumination, the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite is increased and the heat-resistance, water-resistance, and acid-resistance abilities are enhanced. 

In synthetic polymers, as well as edible films, various classes of antimicrobial compounds have been evaluated. These include organic acids, enzymes, bacteriocins, and other compounds which may consist of tri-closans, silver zeolites, and fungicides. Several approaches are followed when incorporating an antimicrobial substance into packaging material (Quintavalla and Vicini, 2002) ... 

A monoacetate can be isolated by continuous extraction with organic solvents such as cyclohexane/CCLt- Monoacylation can also be achieved by ion exchange resin, HY-Zeolite, " or acid-catalyzed transesterification. 

De Castro, C., Primo, J., and Corma, A. 1998. Heteropolyacids and large-pore zeolites as catalysts in acylation reactions using a, 3-unsaturated organic acids as acylating agents. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 134 215-222. 

Supported heteropoly acids have been shown to be active catalysts for the acylation of aromatic compounds using organic acids as the acylating agents. Their activity being far superior to Ce and La exchanged zeolites, that have previously been reported to be active for these reactions. ... 

Examples here are Friedel-Crafts alkylations and acylations, in which the zeolite catalyst replaces the homogeneous Lewis acid. Zeolite catalysts can also be used in place of mineral acids and organic acids. However, these catalyst substitutions also involve changing the process from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysis. 

Zeolite T membranes are hydrophilic and also acid resistant and they would be preferred for the pervaporation dehydration in the presence of organic acid, such as the esterification hybrid process. However, there are fewer reports about the zeolite T membranes preparation. Cui et reported the... 

Antimicrobial releasing Organic acids (benzoic acid, sorbic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid), silver salts, sulfur and its compounds, bacteriocins (nisin and lacticin), zeolites, chlorine dioxide, grape seed extracts, lemon seed extracts, spice extracts (thymol, p-cymene, and cinnamalde-hyde), enzymes (peroxidase and lysozyme), chitosan, chelating agents (EDTA), Plant essential oils... 

Heterogeneous catalysts based on organic acids are also used in Biginelli reactions. Several solid supports have been tried, and most of them are recyclable. These include polymers, zeolites and silica, among others. 

If zeolites (analcime) are present (>3%), consider replacing HCI with proprietary organic acids. For higher temperatures (>225-250°F), consider replacing HCI with acetic or formic acid. 

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