X-ray radiograph

Trebbia P. Quantitative elemental mapping of X-ray radiographs by ffactorial analysis of correspondence. Proc 5 th Eur.workshop on modern developments and applications in microbeam analysis, Torquay UK,149-173, 1997... 

The technology to routinely cure applied adhesives for repairing damaged composite structures at remote repair stations is currently available. There are already systems that use portable accelerators for X-ray radiographic inspection of aircraft components [43]. Fig. 6 shows a conceptual picture of a portable accelerator unit that would contain the power unit, vacuum systems, and computer... 

Fig. 8.12. (a) X-ray radiograph and (b) ultrasonic C-scan image, showing edge delamination in the [ 30°/ 90 ]s laminate of T300 carbon 5208 epoxy matrix. system which has been subjected to axial tension. Reprinted from Kim (1989). with kind permission from FIsevier Science-NI.. Sara Burgerhart straat 25,... 

Microradiography has not yet been used extensively to study archaeological materials. This technique, which allows study of details too fine to be seen with the naked eye by enlarging the x-ray radiograph, may find useful applications in the future. 

The following sections present some examples of x-ray radiographic studies. All the x-ray radiographs illustrating this discussion were made with a Norelco 300 MG industrial x-ray unit on Kodak industrial x-ray film type M encased in 0.005-in. lead screens, unless otherwise indicated. 

Figure 2. X-ray radiograph of bowl shown in Figure 1. The bowl is assembled from fragments of two unrelated vessels as indicated by the differences in density and in structure. Exposure 50 kV, 5 mA, recorded on Kodak No-Screen film.

Figure 3. X-ray radiograph of a cast plate. Irregularly distributed dark spots indicate gas trapped in the metal, a characteristic found in cast silver plates and not in hammered plates. Radiograph obtained with Philips PG 200 x-ray unit, 200 kV, 3 mA, no lead screens.

Figure 6. X-ray radiograph of the silver gilt bowl shown in Figure 4,...

An authentic silver gilt plate is shown in Figure 7 its x-ray radiograph (Figure 8) is consistent with a plate shaped by hammering and... 

Figure 9. (top) Forgery of Sasanian silver gilt plate, private collection. Figure 10. (Tjottomj X-ray radiograph of forgery shown in Figure 9. Decorations appear as darker areas indicating hollow area between two surfaces. This plate is manufactured by the double shell technique, a method not used by Sasanian silversmiths. Exposure 200 kV, 5 mA, lead screens.

Figure 12. X-ray radiograph of section of the wall of the Hu shown in Figure 11. From the evidence seen in this radiograph—square and rectangular supports behind each figure, the white spots on or near each rod (solder), and dark areas (voids in metal) around each figure—the casting procedure described in the text can be deduced. Exposure 275 kV, 4 mA, lead screens.

Figure 14. X-ray radiograph of ibex shown in Figure 13. The ibex is cast around a ceramic core. Two supporting metal rods are clearly visble. The stem of the superstructure extends down through the core. The head was cast separately, attached at the neck by a tongue-in-groove method and secured through a metal rod. Exposure 300 kV, 4 mA, lead screens.

Figure 1 X-ray radiograph of sixteenth century iron shot...

Figure 4. X-ray radiographic image illustrating the hidden hole defects in the other side of the...

Figure 3.8 presents the x-ray radiographs of a weld panel where the tracer wire was introduced... 

Fig. 3.6 Inverted x-ray radiograph of the plan view of the friction stir welded segments showing the variation in weld marker place- ment with respect to the entrance into the weld zone. The white circle is the hole left after E-stop removal of the weld tool,...

Fig. 3.7 Normal x-ray radiographs of the side view of the exit hole of the friction stir weld where the weld tool was removed follow- ing an E-stop. The initial wire placement is observed on the right side of the images, (a) C08 side view, (b) COS side view...

Fig. 3.10 Inverted x-ray radiograph of the postweld position of a lead marker wire in the (a) plan view and (b) side view. Note the ° through-material thickness traces of the lead wire in the side view. The initial placement of the lead wire can be observed...

Figure 5.14 Fatigue test of a cross-ply laminate at a low load level. Stiffness reduction, development of transverse cracks and temperature change are plotted versus the number of load cycles. Specimen did not fail. Number of transverse cracks taken from X-ray radiographs. Fibre T300, resin LY 556, MY 720 (50 50), lay up [Oj, 90j, O2, 9O2],. R= -1, f = 10 Hz, = 340Nmm ...

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