X-PLOT

Analysis of isotharms f-plots x,-plots, comparison and /-plots... 

If the isotherm of G on the solid under test is identical in shape with that on the reference sample, then its x,-plot will be a straight line passing through the origin, and having a slope equal to the ratio >4(test solid)/>4(reference solid). Since >4(reference solid) is known, the specific surface of the test solid is obtainable at once. 

The hrst term predominates at low values of x and the long tail in the log c vs x plot which is normally used when only volume diffusion is... 

For the first CFSTR the optimal seleetion of the eonversion Xj on the I/C-i a) versus X plot is sueh that the diagonal of the reetangle must possess the same slope as the tangent to the eurve at point Xj (Figure 5-26). Therefore, the first CFSTR gives... 

Figure 47. The noise-free data from Figure 32 (x) plotted with the data from Figure 39 as regenerated with only the first two factors (o).

The concentration versus lactose conversion (X) plots have maxima for B and C, while the concentrations of D, E, F and G increase monotonously with conversion E, F and G showing a steep decrease at high lactose conversions. 

Fig. 7 Universal scaling function S(x) plot for the late stage of SD, calculated from the SAXS data of PET. The solid curve indicates the theoretical Eq. 2 [7]...

Figure 5. The ratio S (x)/S (x) plotted as junction of x for the phantom network at different cross-link functionalities, and for a fixed junction network. A is 2. Key Otfis3 n.f s 4 A, f is 6 V, f is 10 O is junctions fixed.

The T-p plot shown in Figure 5.11 (b) resembles the T-x plot of a binary solution. The equilibrium between the two phases is, as we have seen above, given by a similar set of equilibrium conditions in both cases. Within the spinodal regions of the... 

The R-X plot shows the most variation in the subthreshold region, while the G-B plot shows the most variation above threshold. One sees from the G-B plot that the high frequency response of the diode is independent of bias (>1 MHz). To fit the data, one models each material phase or interface as a parallel R-C combination. These combinations are then added in series, and an overall series resistance and series inductance are added. For the data in Figure 10.6, three R-C elements are used. One R-C element is associated with the Schottky barrier. Another is associated with the high frequency bias-independent arc, which we believe is associated with the capacitance of the alkoxy-PPV. The thinness of the film... 

In order to resolve this conundrum, we draw a Koutecky-Levich plot of l/(current) (as y ) against lw (as x ). (Plots using these axes are also sometimes called inverse-Levich plots .)... 

In the preceding expression, log(FJ is related to the depression of the fall-off curve at the center relative to the L-H expression in a og k/k ) vs. log(2f/(l -I- X)) plot. The values for F<. can then be related to the properties of specific species and reaction and temperature using methods discussed in Gardiner and Troe (1984). In Fig. 19, values of F for a variety of hydrocarbon decompositions are presented. As evident from this figure, in the limit of zero or infinite temperatures and pressures, all reactions exhibit Lindemann-Hinshelwood behavior and F approaches unity. From this figure, it is clear that L-H analysis generally does an adequate job in... 

Figure 7.2 G-X and T-X plots for a binary system with a molten phase with complete miscibility of components at all T conditions and a solid phase in which components are totally immiscible at all proportions (mechanical mixture, 7 = 7 + V )-...

Figure 7,8 Gibbs free energy curves and T-X phase relations for an intermediate compound (C), totally immiscible with pure components. Column 1 Gibbs free energy relations leading to formation of two eutectic minima separated by a thermal barrier. Column 2 energy relations of a peritectic reaction (incongruent melting). To facilitate interpretation of phase stability fields, pure crystals of components 1 and 2 coexisting with crystals C are labeled y and y", respectively, in T-X diagrams same notation identifies mechanical mixtures 2-C and C-1 in G-X plots.

Figure 10 shows a curve of conversion x plotted against temperature T, for a particular reaction with fixed values of V and F . The maximum is characteristic of all reversible exothermic reactions and the greatest conversion is achieved when the reactor is operated at Top. ... 

Figure 5-18 Illustration of isothermal trajectories for an exothermic reversible reaction. At the lowest temperature the rate is low but the eqmlibiium conversion is high, while at the highest temperature the initial rate is high but the equilibrium conversion is low. From the 1/r versus X plot at these temperatures, it is evident that T should decrease as X increases to require a minimum residence time,...

In this case, the open-emitter breakdown voltage, BV q, is calculated as an area under the E versus x plot (Figure 6.7) and is given by ... 

The first indication that this might be the case comes from extreme deviations fi-om Vegard s law, the ao vs x plot indicating four distinct linear regions of widely different slope , see Fig. 9 (a) ... 

A plot of AGq versus In x would be linear, the slope giving n the value of n gives information about the types of defects involved. For doubly ionized metal vacancies, Vm , m = 6 for Vm, m = 4 and so on. Isothermal AGq — In x plots can be constructed from equilibrium thermogravimetric data or electrochemical measurements. A typical AGqj — log X plot for the Fe, 0 system is shown in Fig. 5.4, where n values corresponding to various regions are indicated. We see that n = 6 applies when X 0.09, while n = 5, corresponding to pairs, also applies close to this... 

Figure 6. Plot of cumulative percent probability versus X plotted on normal probability paper.

Thus, 7j is obtained as the reciprocal slope of a semilogarithmic (A — Az) versus x plot. Fig. 2.29 (b) illustrates an example of a convenient graphical evaluation, also including the lg - In conversion necessary when decadic semilogarithmic paper is used. 

For more extreme values of the system data than were used in Figures 6.24 to 6.27, we note that the + mark on the vertical axis of the top X plot may not coincide with the left, i.e., the bottom end of the X profile as it should. In this case we advise to use the extended call [Xe, check] = absorbtoweriterXe (.) that displays the er-... 

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