World exports, natural

About 20 percent of the world s natural gas production was exported during the late 1990s, three-quarters of it through pipelines, and the rest by LNG tankers. The former Soviet Union, Canada, the Netherlands, and Norway are the largest pipeline exporters, while Indonesia, Algeria, and Malaysia dominate the LNG trade. The largest importers of piped gas are the United States, Germany, Italy, and France Japan and South Korea buy most of the LNG. 

The proven petroleum reserve estimate in Kuwait is 96.85 billion barrels. This accounts for 10% of world reserves. Natural gas wells are 1500 billion cubic meters. The annual volume of natural gas extraction is 7.8 billion cubic meters. The oil-extracting capacity is 2.35 million barrels per day. In 1998, Kuwait extracted 101 million barrels of petroleum from its wells. It was expected that there would be the potential to bring the extraction to 2.5 million barrels per day at the end of 2000 and up to three million barrels per day by 2005. Two thirds of the extracted petroleum is exported, 20% is exported to the USA, 50% to Southeast Asian and Japan. 

Qatar Petroleum (QP) is the National Oil Company of the State of Qatar. Following the reeent developments of its natural oil and gas resources, QP has become the world largest supplier of natural gas produets. QP operates its associated gas treatment and separation plants and exports natural gas liquids (NGL) and condensate. QAPCO has integrated its new product line and QP now processes the chemically derived propane and butane products commingled with its natural gas liquids in its separation plants. 

Consumption of NR Latex. The total world consumption of natural mbber latex was 585,000 t in 1993, more than double that of 10 years earlier. The proportion of total natural mbber used as latex concentrate also increased from 7% in 1983 to 11% in 1993. Malaysia remains the dominant latex concentrate producing country in the world (Table 12). Its decline in exports during the 1980s and early 1990s has been partly compensated by an increase in consumption within the country (Table 13). Since the 1970s there has been a gradual shift in latex consumption from the traditional consumers in Europe and the United States to Asian countries. In 1994 Malaysia consumed 175,000 t of latex, more than the combined consumption of Western Europe and the United States (see Table 13). 

Wool belongs to a family of proteins, the keratins, that also includes hair and other types of animal protective tissues such as horn, nails, feathers, and the outer skin layers. The relative importance of wool as a textile fiber has declined over the decades as synthetic fibers have increa singly been used in textile consumption. Wool is still an important fiber in the middle and upper price ranges of the textile market. It is also an extremely important export for several nations, notably AustraUa, New Zealand, South Africa, and Argentina and commands a price premium over most other fibers because of its outstanding natural properties of soft handle (the feel of the fabric), moisture absorption abiUties (and hence comfort), and superior drape (the way the fabric hangs) (see Fibers Textiles). Table 2 shows wool production and sheep numbers in the world s principal wool-producing countries. 

The United States became the world s first producer of deep crude oil from an oil well when in 1859 Colonel Edwin Drake successfully used a pipe drilled into the ground to obtain oil. From then until about 1970, the United States was virtually energy-independent with only some oil and gas imports from Mexico and Canada. Wliile U.S. reserves of coal, natural gas and uranium continue to be large enough to supply internal demand with enough left over to export, the supply of oil took a sharp turn downward. After 1970, even while U.S. demand continued to increase at a steep 6.5 percent per year, the supply of U.S. oil began to decline, necessitating sharp increases in U.S. oil imports. 

Larson, B.A., Bromley, D.W. (1991). Natural resource prices, export policies and deforestation the case of Sudan. World Development, Vol.l9, No.lO, (October 1991), pp.1289-1297, ISSN 0305-750X. 

This article addresses LNG as an alternative to pipeline distribution. In contrast to natural gas LNG requires no firm pipeline infrastructure, as it is transported as a bulk commodity in cryogenic tanks on road, rail and sea. The article suggests that countries that lack a well-developed gas distribution system may draw upon recent experience from countries that employ LNG, as for instance Norway. Although Norway is among the largest exporters of natural gas in the world, the domestic outlook is that natural gas will be introduced to the Norwegian energy system basically in liquid phase. 

However, Norway has taken an extreme position regarding natural gas Despite its position as one of the world s largest gas exporters Norway has no tradition for using natural gas. Neither is fuel switching an issue because of the predominance of Norwegian hydropower (99.4%). So far only 1% of its produced gas is consumed domestically - mainly LNG produced by a methanol plant at Tjeldbergodden (refer section 6.3). The outlook is that only limited amounts of natural gas will be introduced to the Norwegian infrastructure - basically LNG. 

Indian cumin is exported in different forms - natural seed, powdered and essential oil - to the USA, Singapore, Japan, the UK and North Africa. India is the world s largest producer and consumer of cumin, with annual production ranging between 0.1 and 0.2 million t. India exports cumin to... 

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