Workmanship

NDT has a very important formal status. Requirements for performanee of NDT, acceptance criteria and requirements for personnel qualification are implemented in codes and standards. The NDT procedure is part of the contract. During the many years that NDT methods have been used in industry a well-established situation has evolved, enabling the use of NDT for the evaluation of welds against Good Workmanship Criteria on a routine basis, thus maintaining workmanship standards and minimising the risks of component failure. 

Although the present Good Workmanship approach actually gives conventional NDT methods the credit they deserve (their capabilities are well-used), there should nevertheless be a certainty beyond reasonable doubt that an accepted weld is fit for service. Many years of industrial experience have demonstrated that this certainty statistically exists. We are not doing things totally wrong. 

But there is a price to be paid. Good Workmanship acceptance criteria for conventional techniques must, to a certain extent, be conservative, in order to compensate for the inherent "limitations" of conventional NDT. And, what is worse, the degree of conservatism is more or less unknown. Therefore the question can be asked "if the historic background of present NDT practice would not exist, what would we like to know today about a weld to be able to accept or reject it "... 

The recent evidence of workmanship-related defects to major structures in extreme environments leaves a nagging doubt about weather the real issues behind the problems have really been understood, acknowledged and dealt with at all levels. 

Plywood requirements—includes wood species used, synthetic repair requirements, veneer grades, veneer layers and thicknesses, panel grades with respect to end-use, adhesive bond requirements, panel constmetion and workmanship, scarf and finger-jointed panels, dimensional tolerances, moisture content, and packaging and loading... 

Construction. In the constmction phase there are two ways problems can arise. The more common of these is poor workmanship. Uneven foundation settlement and faulty constmction, eg, use of the wrong materials or insufficient quantity of rebars, are but two examples. Only qualified builders, close inspection during constmction, and enforcement of a tightly written specification are necessary factors. 

Seller warrants that Product delivered to [insert company name] will (1) conform to the descriptions and specifications as set forth in this Agreement (2) be of good quality and workmanship and free from defects, latent or patent and (3) be merchantable and fit and sufficient for [insert company name] s intended purpose. Payment, inspection, acceptance or use of Product will not affect Seller s obligation under this warranty. 

Similar stage inspections are necessary during the course of manufacturing to assure quality at every stage and eliininate any mistakes in construction, assembly or workmanship during the course of manufacturing. Thus, a product of desired specification and quality is ensured. 

All these items must be properly checked and recorded according to the manufacturer s internal quality checks and formats before they are used in the manufacture of a bus system. This will eliminate any inconsistency in a material or component at the initial stage. Similarly, stage inspections are necessary during the course of manufacturing to ensure quality at every stage and to eliminate incorrect construction and as.sembly or poor workmanship. And thus assure a product of desired specifications and quality. 

The Seller shall warrant all equipment and eomponent parts against defeetive materials, workmanship, and design in aeeordanee with the terms and eonditions of the eontraet. 

In addition to Vendor s shop inspection, materials and workmanship shall be subject to inspection by N P Refinery or its authorized agent in the shop and/or in the field. 

Client s Inspector will check, as a minimum, equipment components, dimensions, connection sizes and locations, and quality of workmanship against certified drawings, data sheets, and purchase order documents. 

Each equipment shall be guaranteed against materials, workmanship and fabrication defects. 

Are reference standards, procedures, and criteria for workmanship defined and complied with ... 

Define the process specifications and workmanship standards to be achieved. 

The standard requires controlled conditions to include criteria for workmanship which is stipulated in the clearest practical manner. 

Establish standards of workmanship where appropriate and provide means for their control. 

Although the standard does not recognize any classification of nonconformities, the practical application of nonconformity controls requires controls to be balanced with the severity of the nonconformity. It is not necessary to seek concessions from a customer against requirements that have not been specified, or seek design authority approval for workmanship imperfections. The definition of the term defect in ISO 8402, and the fact that there are many requirements other than those specified in a contract or needed to satisfy market needs, demands that it is sensible to classify nonconformities into three categories ... 

The supplier modified the vessel, but the workmanship was poor. A weld was weak, as it w as not full penetration, and brittle because tbe weld surface, cut with a torch, was not ground before w eiding. 

Arbeit,/. work, labor working fermentation task, job workmanship piece of work, (scientific) investigation paper, article, arbeiten, v.i. work operate ferment (of wood) warp.—v.t. work, operate perform, make. — arbeitend, p.a. working, active. 

This relies on the integrity of the concrete construction itself with reference to design (crack control, joint spacing and detailing, concrete mix) and skilled workmanship and supervision. 

Flatness is of critical importance to some sections of industrial operations such as VNA (very narrow aisle) high rack warehouses or automatic guided vehicles. The degree of flatness achieved is dependent on construction techniques, workmanship and supervision. 

How do you rate their workmanship, administrative ability to keep to program, after-sales service ... 

The contractor is under a duty in contract to provide and install plant which is of merchantable quality. There is no duty on the client to ensure how the contractor carries out those duties, although his client can sue the consulting engineer in negligence, if he is not diligent in detecting faulty workmanship, such that he suffers loss as a result. 

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