Wool treatment plant

An average size of continuous treatment plant for antifelt treatment of wool releases approximately 140 g/hour AOX. As an optimization of the process is possible only within certain limits, alternative processes for an antifelt treatment have to be chosen to substitute the chlorination process, for example, enzymatic processes, oxidative processes (KMn04, persulfate), or corona or plasma treatment. In many cases combinations with resin treatments are proposed. 

Figure 13-10. Flow diagram of a typical wool-scour treatment plant.

Some combing plants also produce shrink-resistant treated wool-top. The current process incorporates chlorination, and the appHcation of a shrinkproofing polymer. Chlorination is likely to be replaced soon by mote environmentally friendly treatments. 

Insect resistant plants, 12 486 Insect-resist treatment, of wool,... 

To gain a better understanding of the effect of protein fiber type, dye, and mordant on sunlight and burial weathering processes, we dyed wool and silk with three phenolic dyes (found as major components in natural dye mixtures extracted from various plant sources) and post-mordanted samples of the dyed fabrics with five representative metal salts. We then exposed the unmordanted and the dyed-mordanted samples to simulated sunlight or soil burial and measured the differences in the color and tensile properties that resulted from these treatments. 

Tertiary treatment processes are used only to eliminate materials which are not amenable to secondary treatment. A treatment method for wool scouring effluent has been developed, consisting of evaporation and incineration plant in combination with a biological plant [56]. The resulting condensates from the evaporation plant and the incineration residues are recycled so that the water, ammonia and scouring aids are returned to the production plant [57]. 

Cellulose, (CeHioOs) , constitutes the frame work of the vegetable kingdom. It occurs in nearly pure condition in certain plants, and probably in combination with other substances in the various kinds of wood. It can be separated from the compounds with which it is associated by treatment with various reagents. Cellulose is a comparatively stable substance, and is insoluble in all simple solvents. It can be obtained by treating woody flber, jute, flax, and so forth, successively, with chlorine and sodium hydroxide. A number of such treatments convert the substances present with the cellulose into solublle compounds. Cotton-wool, which is comparatively pure cellulose, may be freed from impurities by extraction with alcohol,... 

Most of the techniques employed in fibre analysis are nondestructive tests to determine whether the fibre is natural (obtained from animal, plant, or mineral) or synthetic (wholly manufactured from chemicals or regenerated from natural fibres) and the fibre type (e.g., determining if the fibre is wool, cotton, nylon, polyester, etc.). Whether any chemical treatments have been carried out (such as bleaching or the use of delustrants) is noted and the colour is also determined. Many of the techniques commonly used in these analyses include low- and high-power microscopes, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy, polarising Ught microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and microspectrophotometry (MSP). 

The features and chemistry of chlorination shrink-resist treatments are best illustrated by consideration of the chlorine-Hercosett process for wool top (99). This process uses a dedicated plant, of which there are about 40 around the world. A web of parallel slivers is treated with water and chemicals in a series of bowls (tanks), separated by squeeze rollers. The wool is then dried. Usually, 30-40 slivers (20-30 g/m) are treated simultaneously at a speed of 5-10 m/min. Overall production rates range from 200 to 500 kg/h. 

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