Wool conventional

Textile Finishing. Polyethyleneimine-A/-methylolurea derivatives improve the crease and wear resistance of cotton (429,430). The adhesion between individual wool fibers is improved by pretreatment with amines, which leads to improved shrink resistance (431). An antimicrobial finish can be appHed to cotton by using a combination of PEI and ureas to bind zinc pyrithione to the fabric (432). After wool has been provided with a flameproof finish using fluorozirconate or fluorotitanate, the wool can be neutralized with PEI (433). Conventional neutralizing agents caimot be used for this purpose since they impair the flameproof characteristics of the impregnated fabric. 

An alternative approach is to physicaUy separate the FWA from the wool fiber by incorporating the whitener into a suitable surface polymer treatment for wool fabric (119). The photostabUity of these fabrics is significantly better than conventional FWA treatments, being similar to bleached wool. 

Levelling acid dyes and particularly 1 1 metal-complex types generally require an exceptionally low pH in order to promote exhaustion and levelling up to 3% o.w.f. sulphuric acid is most commonly used for levelling acid dyes, although hydrochloric, formic and phosphoric acids are also effective. In the case of conventional 1 1 metal-complex dyes it is essential to use a sufficient excess of acid over and above the typical 4% o.w.f. sulphuric acid normally absorbed by the wool, otherwise there may be a tendency towards tippy dyeings and lower wet fastness. The actual excess required depends on applied depth and liquor ratio [2] typical recommendations are given in Table 12.2. 

More recently, attention has turned to the aftertreatment of commercially available mordant dyes on wool with iron(II) and iron(III) salts as a potential source reduction approach to eliminating chromium ions from dyebath effluent [34]- The anticipated improvements in fastness performance were achieved. The structures of the conventional 1 2 iron-dye complexes formed on the wool fibres were characterised by negative-ion fast-atom bombardment spectroscopy and HPLC analysis [35]. 

The effect of this additive on the conventional dyeing of wool with the anthraquinone sulphatoethylsulphone dye Cl Reactive Blue 19 (7.37) was investigated. 

Scheme 7.62 together with a variety of reactive intermediates or crosslinking agents intended to link together the dye and the substrate, raise some important questions. This research has encompassed variants of such systems on cotton, wool and nylon, mainly by exhaust application. Conventional reactive dyes have so far accounted for only about 20% of all dyes used worldwide on cellulosic fibres. Reactive dyes amount to only about 5% of all dyes used on wool and their current usage on nylon is negligible. 

Futons are often much cheaper than organic mattresses and box springs. If you decide to get one, try to find a frame made from untreated, certified wood. They re often sold with untreated, organic cotton or wool mattresses, which might require a doctor s prescription. Some natural (nonorganic) futon mattresses are made from green cotton (which is environmentally friendly conventional cotton, harvested without the use of chemicals) and contain nontoxic borate powder as their flame retardant. This is obviously preferable to PBDE. Top-of-the-line organic crib mattresses are less expensive than adult ones. Expect to spend between 250 and 600. 

Sometimes it seems like everyone wants you to put your baby down on plastic. So many things come wrapped in it—from conventional crib mattresses to pack-and-plays to bouncy seats. Our alternative to the ever-present vinyl waterproof pad is to use Pure Grow Wool as a wetness barrier. This wool is made from animals who grazed on pesticide-free pasture and ate chemical-free feed. Puddle pads can be found on many of the sites listed below. 

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