With ether pendant groups

An important advantage of the use of such added nucleophiles is that it allows controlled/living cationic polymerization of alkyl vinyl ethers to proceed at +50 to +70°C [101,103], relatively high temperatures at which conventional cationic polymerizations fail to produce polymers but result in ill-defined oligomers only, due to frequent chain transfer and other side reactions. Recently, initiators with functionalized pendant groups [137] and multifunctional initiators [ 138—140] have been developed for the living cationic polymerizations with added nucleophiles. 

S.D. Kim, D. Ka, I.S. Chung, S.Y. Kim, PoIy(arylene ether)s with low refractive indices poly(biphenylene oxide)s with trifluoromethyl pendant groups via a meto-activated Nitro displacement reaction. Macromolecules 45 (7)(2012) 3023-3031. 

Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, S. Guan, L. Li, Z. Jiang, Synthesis and properties of soluble fluorinated poly(ether imide)s with different pendant groups. Polymer 49 (25) (2008) 5439-5445. 

Linear alkane solutions of 60a (n = 300, M = 3.1 x 10", Mw/Mn = 1.15) showed highly sensitive UCST-type phase separation irrespective of the solvent [222]. Interestingly, the cloud point temperature of 60a increased linearly with the number of carbon atoms in the alkane, which is in reasonable agreement with the Flory-Huggins theory. Similar phase separation occurred for poly(vinyl ether)s with various pendant groups, such as alkyl (in alcohols and esters), ester (in alcohols and toluene), and silyloxy groups (in alcohols). The combination of polymer and solvent was the decisive factor in sensitive phase separation. Nonpolar polymers underwent phase separation in polar solvent, and polar ones became thermosensitive in nonpolar media. 

Other efforts based on the macromonomer approach to homopolymers having dendritic side chains, include the work of Draheim and Ritter on acrylate and methacrylate derived structures having dendritic chiral side chains based on L-aspartic esters [17a], and of Xi and coworkers with poly(methacrylate) structures containing very small benzyl ether dendritic side-chains [17b]. Unfortunately, both of these approaches met with limited success due to a significant drop in degree of polymerization (DP) when the size of the dendron used as pendant group in the macromonomers increased from G-l to G-2. 

PET-19 (Figure 10.16) consists of a diazacrown ether with two pendant pyrene groups. As expected, cation binding results in a large change in the monomer/... 

Acid-catalyzed conversion of a ketone with a pendant hydroxyl group into a cyclic ether with net reduction of the carbonyl. 

PMA is a tough leathery resin with a low Tg and a solubility parameter of 10.5 H. In polymers of alkyl acrylates the solubility parameter decreases as the size of the alkyl group increases. The flexibility also increases with the size of the pendant groups but because of side chain crystallization this tendency is reversed when the alkyl group has more than ten carbon atoms. Polyalkyi acrylates are readily hydrolyzed by alkalis to produce salts of polyacrylic acid. The copolymer of ethyl acrylate (95%) and chloroethyl vinyl ether (5%) is a commercial oil-resistant elastomer. 

This article summarizes and analyzes the results obtained for the anionic copolymerization of cyclic ethers with cyclic anhydrides. This reaction is of great practical importance, especially as curing reaction of epoxy resins and is also used for the preparation of linear polyesters with special functional pendant groups. 

In the addition of 2-nitropropane to chalcone Toke et al. achieved 90% ee by using the D-glucose-derived chiral crown ether 38 as phase-transfer catalyst (Scheme 4.12) [19]. The related crown ether 39, with a pendant phosphonate group, afforded the chalcone adduct with 83% ee, albeit with only 39% chemical yield (Scheme 4.12) [20]. N-Alkylated or N-arylated derivatives of the crown ether 38 afforded lower ee (max. 60%) in the addition of 2-nitropropane to chalcone [21],... 

Poly(methylsilylene-/>-phenylene)s carrying Si-linked benzocrown ether and ethoxy pendant groups 86 (parameters x and y are associated with the benzo crown vs. ethoxy ratio present in the polymer) showed ionochromic behavior, and responded selectively to alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in the emission spectra, depending on the crown ether ring size. These polymers also display solvatochromic properties by changing the solvent polarity in the absence of metal ions <2006OM2225>. 

---