Poly biphenylenes

M. C. Yu and J. J. Straw. Preparation of poly (biphenylene/phenylene) sulfide. US Patent 5 219983, assigned to Phillips Petroleum Company (Bartlesville, OK), June 15, 1993. 

Poly(biphenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole) and poly(biph-enylene hydrazide) with the electron-withdrawing tri-fluoromethyl group have been synthesized. The bulky trifluoromethyl group effects a non-coplanar conformation of the chain [57]. 

Chen JC, Chiang CJ, Liu YC. Synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties of novel hole-blocking poly(biphenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole) containing electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl groups. Synth Met 2010 160(17-18) 1953-61. 

I.S. Chung, S.Y Kim, Meta-activated nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction poly(biphenylene oxide)s with trifluoromethyl pendent groups via nitro displacement, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 (44) (2001) 11071-11072. 

Kim et al. prepared poly(biphenylene oxide)s (PBPOl and PBP02) containing -CF3 groups from AB-type monomers [45] through nucleophilic nitro displacement reaction and investigated their properties. To investigate the feasibility of the polymerization, the model reaction was performed with... 

Scheme 2.4 Synthesis of poly(biphenylene oxide)s by nucleophilic nitro displacement reaction. Taken from Ref. [45].

I.S. Chung, S.Y. Kim, Poly(arylene ether)s via nitro displacement reaction synthesis of poly(biphenylene oxide)s containing trifluoromethyl groups from AB type monomers. Macromolecules 33 (26)(2000) 9474-9476. 

Our initial investigation was centered around the preparation of high molecular weight poly(biphenylene ether sulfone) (8) this material can be prepared by the nucleophilic polycondensation shown in equation (III) ... 

Poly(p-phenylene ditelluride) and poly(biphenylene ditelluride) were synthesized by Nogami et aL [235] ... 

Structure and Dynamics of Rod like Poly(/>-biphenylene terephthalate) with Long n-alkyl Side Chains... 

In 1996, Wegner et al. published the synthesis of poly(oligophenylenevinyle-ne)s (96), consisting of biphenylene-, terphenylene- and quinquephenylene moieties as aromatic building blocks, via Suzuki-type aryl-aryl cross coupling of AA/BB-type monomers [121]. By judicious choice of the arylene moieties, the optical properties of the resulting polymers can be tailored within a wide range. 

Harris and Hsu modified the structure of the rigid-rod poly(pyro-mellitimides) so they would display solubility in common organic solvents [59]. The approach involved the synthesis of 3,6-diphenylpyromellitic dianhydride and its polymerization with various pendent 4,4 -biphenylene diamines. The polymers, represented by structure XIV, were prepared in refluxing m-cresol... 

Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide (Kevlar) (b) copolyester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and biphenylene terephthalate (Xydar) (c) copolyester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2,6-hydroxynaphthoic acid (Vectra). 

The incorporation of biphenylene carbonate moiety into poly(p-oxybenzoate) appeared to reduce the LOTs in a quasi-eutectic manner, and the LOT curve had a minimum at 60 mole% HB A content. Arrows on Figure 2 showed LOTs of some commercial copolyesters based on biphenylene terephthalate and HBA. The LOT of PEC-60HBA was significantly low, compared with those of the copolyesters. The introduction of flexible carbonate linkage would lower the LOTs of PECs. 

All-aromatic poly (thiol esters), such as poly (4,4 -biphenylene dithiolterephthalate)(XXXII) have very high melting points (34). 

PC with poly(dimethyl siloxy biphenylene oxide) transparent, flame and impact resistant alloys Jordan Webb, 1992... 

Poly(dimethylsiloxy- biphenylen epoxide) PBT blends CORI Improved flame retardancy and impact strength Jordan Webb, 1994... 

Figure 4. (a) Inherent viscosity dependence of the melting temperature (r ) and the clearing temperature (T ) of nematic poly(2-n-decyl-1,4-phenylene-terephthalate) [6] and (b) the molecular weight dependence of the glass transition temperature (Lg) of nematic poly(2,2 -dimethyl-4,4 -biphenylene-phenyltereph-thalate)[7]. 

Depending on the modifications of poly-(p-phenylene terephthalamide) and analogous aromatic polyamides, it is possible to vary the solubility from concentrated sulfuric acid, to nonpolar aprotic solvents with inorganic salts, or to nonpolar aprotic solvents and to common organic colvents. In particular the incorporation of noncoplanar 2,2 -disubstitution has proven to remarkable enhance the solubility and lower the crystallinity. Gaudiana et al. [35] demonstrated that para-linked aromatic polyamides containing noncoplanar 2,2 -bis(trifluorome-thyl)biphenylene units are highly soluble in... 

Poly(biphenyl ether sulfone)s with improved polydispersity, a lower level of undesirable low-molecular-weight oligomeric components and improved melt flow properties have 4,4 -biphenylene, p-phenylene, 4,4 -di-phenyl sulfone and 2,2-diphenyl propane groups in the backbone. ... 

M. Shibata, J. Cao, and R. Yosomiya. Synthesis and properties of the block copolymers of poly(ether ether ketone) and the poly(aryl ether sulfone) containing biphenylene moiety. Polymer, 38(12) 3103-3108, June 1997. 

W. Grasser, H.-W. Schmidt, and R. Giesa. Fibers spun from poly(ethyl-ene terephthalate) blended with a thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester with non-coplanar biphenylene units. Polymer, 42(21) 8517-8527, October 2001. 

Tetrakis(2,4-di-terf-butyl phenyl)-4,4,-biphenylene diphosphonite, 230 Santowax R Mixed terphenyls, 230 SapronTM S SMA copolymer, 166 Schulatec PPS PolyCphenylene sulfide), 198 Selar PA3426 PA 6 T/I Poly(amide), 416 Sepharose CL... 

New bis(ether anhydride)s containing flexible ether, isopropylidene groups, bulky pendant groups, noncoplanar biphenylene or kink linkages were synthesized. Almost all of the poly(ether imide)s derived from such novel bis(ether anhydride)s were soluble in the test solvents, including A-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, A,A-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), pyridine, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran and even in chloroform at room temperature. The high solubility of these poly(ether... 

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