Wine Exports

Currently, there is a worldwide wine glut which is the result of several factors, among them bumper crops of 1982 and 1983 coupled with a steady decline in consumption in the major European wine producing countries (Table II) (16). Due to the current strength of the US dollar, American wine is placed in a noncompetitive position in the world market. For example, a Bank of America study (14) showed that in 1979, when the dollar was weak, US wine exports grew almost 120% while imports declined 2%. In 1982, when the dollar was strong, imports grew 6% while exports dropped 11%. 

California wine excludes small quantity of California wine exported. 

US cork stopper imports Average price Import value of corks Est. cork taint rate Est. value of tainted wine Est. costs for cork closures US wine exports (1996)... 

Table 38.—Wine Exports as Shown by the Reports of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Fiscal Years 1901 to 1925, Inclusive...

Wines may be imported for reasons at either of two extremes because they are relatively inexpensive, or because they are in high demand, and thus command a higher price. Those exported from the United States tend to be the former, and those imported, the latter, based on the data shown in Table 5. There is some market, even in countries that are overproducing wine, for wines with exotic labels. This tendency illustrates another way in which wines differ from other products. Information on and cuisine from foreign countries associated with their wines serve as the vehicles for a form of a cultural exchange, besides the stricdy commercial one. 

Good rod wti,es keep wolL Champagne light and agreeable, white, Tolerable wine not exported. 

Seldom exported, a goed wine A red wine, oonaumod on tho island. ... 

Malvasia, or Malmsey. Madeira Madeira (( [Pg.1142]

Even prior to Pasteur, alcohol content determination was important as a basis for local, import, and export taxes. Other important applications of accurate wine analysis have been to detect and to accurately determine food additives now there are legal reasons for analyzing wines for sulfur dioxide, organic chloride or bromide, sodium, cyanide, diglucoside pigments, various insecticides, fungicides, etc. Winery control calls for analytical determination of iron, copper, protein, total acidity, pH, tartaric, malic and lactic acids, etc. Finally, quality control... 

However, as a result of the overall low-production of Vin Santo and its split into different denominations in wine growing areas of central and northern Italy, it is very difficult to find complete information on the production of this wine through the years. Moreover, in the official statistics of wine import and export, Vin Santo and other passito wines are not counted separately, but instead together within the class of all other high-quality wines (Vqprd and Vlqprd). 

The exportation of wines directly from the DDR has been authorized since 1986. This measure allowed the production of different and new wines. However, the finest and most prestigious port wine continues to be matured in the old Entreposto of Gaia. 

The beneficio varies from year to year, reflecting current stocks, export volumes, and market trends. To have an idea of the quantities involved, 313,943 pipes (a cooperage volume) of wine were produced in 2005, of which only 155,125 were given a beneficio (Cardoso and Silva, 2007). 

At first, all of them thrived, but today only wine continues to play an important role in the island s economy. Historical records in 1450 by the Venetian navigator, Alvise da Mosto, known as Luis de Cadamosto, show that Malvasia Candida was brought during the first years of colonization. Infante D. Henrique ordered that lands be planted with Malmsey, brought from Candia (the capital of Crete). Throughout the fifteenth century, vineyards expanded steadily. The consequence of this was an increasing in exports, but it is the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus that constitutes a landmark in the history of Madeira wine. 

The beginning of the nineteenth century was marked by an export boom, caused by the Napoleonic Wars. However, this was not to be a favorable century for Madeira wine. The postwar depression devastated European exports. 

FIGURE 7.2 (A) Evolution of total production and total exportations of Madeira wines... 

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