White-Wang model

White et al. submitted a model (the White-Wang model) that was used with some success in a number of works made at the Institute of Polymer Engineering, Akron, OH. With respect to the flow curve, this model writes as follows ... 

Figure 5.8 illustrates the capabilities of Equations 5.6 and 5.6a. Despite its limitations, the White-Wang model suits well certain observations made on CB filled rubber compounds, particularly the behavior of the shear viscosity function 11(7) in the low shear rate region, as reported in a number of publications. 

Even if the White-Wang model remains open to discussion, the yield stress data that can be derived from experimental flow curves by fitting Equation 5.6 are likely to be similar to values that would be obtained with other models, for instance the Herschel-Bulkley equation. It is consequently interesting to pay attention to yield stress data that were obtained at the Polymer Engineering Institute, using this model. 

White-Wang model for carbon black filled compounds. 

Sidhu, J. S., Rajawat, Y. S., Rami, T. G., Gollob, M. H., Wang, Z., Yuan, R., Marian, A. J., DeMayo, F. J., Weilbacher, D., Taffet, G. E., Davies, J. K., Carling, D., Khoury, D. S., and Roberts, R. 2005. Transgenic mouse model of ventricular preexcitation and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia induced by an AMP-activated protein kinase loss-of-function mutation responsible for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Circulation 111 21-29. 

Fig. 4. (A) The side view of the LHC-II monomer in the membrane (lipid bilayer). The chlorophyll molecules are oriented nearly perpendicular to the membrane plane (the phytyl chains are omitted for clarity). Two lutein molecules form an internal X-shaped brace. (B) A sketch of the amino-acid sequence of the LHC-II polypeptide and a listing of the known Chl-residue ligation. White letters inside black circles indicate amino-acid ligands to the chlorophylls [also see legend on the right side of (B)]. Note that the model in (B) is rotated 90° with respect to that in (A) about an axis normal to the membrane. Figure source (A) Kuhibrandt, Wang and Fujiyoshi (1994) Atomic model of plant light-harvesting complex by electron crystallography. Nature 367 618 and 620.

Light-driven electron transfers between Chla and hydroquinones [Cho (30), White (200)] as well as between Chla and lumiflavin [Tu (184), 185)] have also been described and interpreted as simple models for some primary steps in photosynthesis [Wang (193)]. Through the use of j8 carotene as a quencher the rate constant for semiquinone radical formation in such a system was found to be 8.8 X 105 1/mol sec at —30° [Cho (30j. A descriptive theory of the relationships between the energy levels in different chlorophylls and the electron-transfer processes between them and other organic electron carriers has also been developed [Nelson (134)]. 

Ye W, Wang X, White J (1999) A fast 3D solver for unsteady Stokes flow with applications to Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems. In Proceedings of the international conference on modeling and simulation of microsystems, semiconductors, sensors and actuators, Puerto Rico, pp 518—521... 

Shi, X, Kang, Y, Hu, Q, Chen, C, Yang, L, Wang, K, Chen, L, Huang, H, and Zhou, C. 2010. A long-term observation of olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation to repair white matter and functional recovery in a focal ischemia model in rat. Brain Res 1317 257-267. 

There have also been efforts to model the behavior of composite modular machines and determine regions of fill and starvation as the associated pressure profiles. Such modeling is first seen in the work of White and Szydlowski [ 134] and Wang et al. [135]. 

Wang Z, Lan T, Pinnavaia TJ (2000) Epoxy-day nanocomposites. In Pinna a TJ, BeaU GW (eds) Polymer-day nanocomposites. Wiley, Hoboken Wei Y, Sancaktar E (1996) Dependence of dectric conduction on film thickness of conductive adhesives modeling, computer simulation, and experiment. J Adhes Sd Technol 10 1199-1219 White JL (1995) Rubber processing. Hanser, New York Woods G (1990) The ICI polyurethanes book, 2nd edn. Wiley, Hoboten... 

J.L. White, Y. Wang, A.I. Ysayev, N. Nakajima, EC. Weissert, K. Min.Modeling of shear viscosity behavior and extrusion through dies for rubber compounds. Rubb. Chem. Technol., 60,337-360,1987. 

---