Determining Regions

Gramicidin-S, cyclo[(Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val)2], is a C2-symmetric, antibacterial, cyclic decapeptide. Structural studies have shown that the peptide conformation consists of two type IP p-turns with a connecting p-sheet. Based on molecular modeling studies and the results from earlier experimental studies of cyclic octapeptides, Ripka et al. at DuPont Merck Pharmaceuticals believed that the four amino acids that make up one of the p-turns could be replaced by a benzodiazepine (BZD) moiety. These authors designed the gramicidin-S analogue cyclo(Lys-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val-Lys-BZD) (95) based on 

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Cacia, J., Keck, R., Presta L. G., and Frenz, J., Isomerization of an aspartic acid residue in the complementarity-determining regions of a recombinant antibody to human IgE identification and effect on binding affinity, Biochemistry, 35, 1897, 1996. 

Kallunki, T., Su, B., Tsigelny, I. et al. 1994. JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation. Genes Dev 8 2996-3007. 

Covelli, S. Fontolan, G. 1997. Application of a normalization procedure in determining regional geochemical baselines. Environmental Geology, 30, 34-45. 

Here the hapten (Scheme 2) is a 13-diketone, which incorporates structural features of both reactants - ketone donor and aldehyde acceptor (see below, Scheme 3) - in the aldol reaction of interest. In favorable cases the hapten reacts with the primary amino-group of a lysine residue in the complementary-determining region of an antibody to form a Schiffbase 5, which readily tautomerises to the more stable vinylogous amide 6. 

Chapter 18 - The determination region of solubility of methanol with gasoline of high aromatic content was investigated experimentally at temperature of 288.2 K. A type 1 liquid-liquid phase diagram was obtained for this ternary system. These results were correlated simultaneously by the UNIQUAC model. By application of this model and the experimental data the values of the interaction parameters between each pair of components in the system were determined. This revealed that the root mean square deviation (RMSD) between the observed and calculated mole percents was 3.57% for methylcyclohexane + methanol + ethylbenzene. The mutual solubility of methylcyclohexane and ethylbenzene was also demostrated by the addition of methanol at 288.2 K. 

Bevacizumab is produced using CHO expression in a nutrient medium with gentamicin antibiotic. It has a molecular weight of 149 kDa. The antibody is humanized, with human framework and murine complementarity-determining regions. 

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