White oils test methods

The method has been criticised by H. G. Harding, who states that a pure white oil from Eucalyptus dives, which contained no cineol, showed an absorption of 32 per cent, by the resorcinol test. Rectifying the oil and applying the test to the portion distilling between 170° and 190° does not entirely remove the difficulty, as the results are always slightly high. 

ASTM D2269, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of White Mineral Oils by Ultraviolet Absorption, ASTM Annual Book of Standards, vol. 05.01 (West Con-shohocken, PA American Society for Testing and Materials). 

Evaluation of chemical resistance may establish the potential for extraction of plasticizer incorporated in the material as well as an effect of plasticizer on durability of tested material. The standard contains information on testing chemical resistance with 50 test liquids using two methods immersion test and test under mechanical stress. The list of test liquids includes white oil which may be regarded as the only example of plasticizer among test liquids. Samples of known dimensions and weights are immersed in selected liquids for 168 h at room temperature. Containers are stirred every 24 h. Changes in appearance are recorded and samples can be subjected to mechanical property testing. Tensile properties of immersed samples are most frequently compared with control samples but other mechanical tests may also be used. 

This test method covers the distillation of natural gasolines, motor gasolines, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, special boiling point spirits, naphthas, white spirit, kerosines, gas oils, distillate fuel oils, and similar petroieum products, utilizing either manual or automated equipment... 

Sulfur Standard—To use a metal sulfonate as a sulfur standard, analyze the sulfonate by Test Method D 1552. Alternatively, prepare a sulfur standard by dUuting NIST SRM 1622c in white oil. 

In the authors experience, the above method will lead infallibly to the proper type of emulsion, and testing is therefore unnecessary. For those who wish to confirm success, however, the simplest way is to take a beaker half full of water and drop two small, separate drops of emulsion onto the water surface. The first drop always spreads somewhat, but the second will remain a discrete, white globule with no spreading at all if the emulsion is, indeed, water in oil. If the second drop disintegrates into bits and pieces that spread around over the surface of the water, the emulsion was oil in water, at least in part, and should be prepared afresh. Read the above instructions again first, though. 

In t article, "particles" mean dust, particulates and solid particles contained in flue gases and measured as weight increase of the filter. Particles differ from soot due to the measuring method. Soot means the darkness level of the spot taken with the Bacharac punq> and soot paper,and this sample is compared between absolute black and white. The cleanliness of the boiler was determined by visual observations inside the boiler after the test runs. Comparisons to die heavy fhel oil runs were done. The cleanliness of the nozzles was determined by checkiiig each hole of the nozzle by a steel wire after the test run. The blockage of the nozzle holes was also observed visually through the small window on the back wall. 

The main conclusions of the Round Robin were Karl-Fischer titration is recommended for analysing water in pyrolysis oils. Solids content as ethanol insolubles is accurate for white wood oils but a more powerful solvent, like a mixture of methanol and methylene chloride (1 1) is needed for extractive-rich oils. For the elemental analysis at least triplicates are recommended. Kinematic viscosity is an accurate method for pyrolysis oils. Stability index needs more clarification and testing,- Results of chemical characterisation were not very consistent. It may be necessary to prepare standard solutions with known aniounts of conqiounds for... 

A study was made of the complex effect of the special surface treatment of steel (40 kHz with formation of white films nonsusceptible to etching) with simultaneous use of inhibitors (bipyridine halides and inhibitor FMI-1) on its electrochemical characteristic in corrosive media. The white film on the tested steel (quenched from 850 °C in oil and tempered at 180 °C for 2 h) was produced by the following methods (1) mechanical treatment by ultrasound, (2) friction-strengthening treatment, and (3) treatment by use of lasers. 

The steam generator is filled half full with water and then heated to produce steam. 50 to 80 grams of whole cloves are ground in a mortar and pestle and then placed in the sample flask. The clove oil then is removed by steam distillation and collected in a receiving flask. The collected material usually will be a milky white or light yellow suspension and will eventually yield a few small drops of clove oil. Five different methods then will be tested to break this emulsion. 

---