Wheezing

The threshold limit value—time integrated average, TLV—TWA, of chlorine dioxide is 0.1 ppm, and the threshold limit value—short-term exposure limit, STEL, is 0.3 ppm or 0.9 mg /m of air concentration (87,88). Chlorine dioxide is a severe respiratory and eye irritant. Symptoms of exposure by inhalation include eye and throat irritation, headache, nausea, nasal discharge, coughing, wheezing, bronchitis, and delayed onset of pulmonary edema. Delayed deaths occurred in animals after exposure to 150—200 ppm for less than one hour. Rats repeatedly exposed to 10 ppm died after 10 to 13 days of exposure. Exposure of a worker to 19 ppm for an unspecified time was fatal. The ingested systemic effects of low concentration chlorine dioxide solutions are similar to that of chlorite. 

For sensitive individuals, reduction in pulmonary lung function chest discomfort irritation of the respiratory tract, coughing and wheezing. Threshold for injury to vegetation... 

ASTHMA Periodic attacks of wheezing, chest tightness and breatlilessness resulting from constriction of the airways. 

Acute bronchospasm causes severe respiratory distress and wheezing from the forceful expiration of air and is considered a medical emergency, ft is characterized by severe respiratory distress, dyspnea, forceful expiration, and wheezing. The nurse must report these symptoms to the primary health care provider immediately. 

Bronchospasm may occur after administration of the inhaled corticosteroids If an immediate increase in wheezing indicating bronchospasm occurs after administration of a corticosteroid inhalant, the nurse immediately administers a shortacting inhaled bronchoditator. The inhaled corticosteroid is discontinued and an alternate treatment started. 

No cough, wheeze, chest tightness, or shortness of breath during the day or night... 

The nurse must continually assess the patient for anaphylactic reactions (difficulty breathing, wheezing, fever, swelling around the eyes, hives, or itching) particularly with anistreplase or streptokinase Resuscitation equipment is immediately available... 

The nurse immediately reports any signs of water intoxication or fluid overload (eg, drowsiness, confusion, headache, listlessness, and wheezing, coughing, rapid breathing) to the primary health care provider. 

Autonomic Signs. The most common autonomic signs are profuse diaphoresis, hypersalivation, bronchorrhea, and urinary retention. Wheezing and severe bronchospasm occur occasionally. Pupils may be any size. 

Monitor for adverse effects of 3-blockers—heart rate, blood pressure, fatigue, masking of symptoms of hypoglycemia and/or glucose intolerance (in patients with diabetes), wheezing or shortness of breath (in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), etc. 

The examiner may hear diminished breath sounds, crackles, wheezes, or pleural friction rub during auscultation of the lungs. 

Airway obstruction manifests itself as symptoms such as chest tightness, cough, and wheezing. Airway obstruction can be caused by multiple factors including airway smooth muscle constriction, airway edema, mucus hypersecretion, and airway remodeling. Airway smooth muscle tone is maintained by an interaction between sympathetic, parasympathetic, and non-adrenergic mechanisms. Acute bronchoconstriction usually... 

Symptoms may include dyspnea, cough, wheezing, and chest tightness. These symptoms may be continual, episodic, seasonal, or occur in association with known triggers. 

Patients may have end-expiratory wheezing and dry cough. Laboratory Tests... 

Wheezing may vary from end-expiratory wheezing in mild exacerbations to wheezing throughout inspiration and expiration in severe exacerbations. 

Bradycardia and absence of wheezing may indicate impending respiratory failure. 

Patients receiving these agents may notice improvement in 1 to 2 weeks, but maximal benefit may not be seen for 4 to 6 weeks. Cromolyn and nedocromil appear to be similar in efficacy to the leukotriene antagonists and theophylline for persistent asthma.18 Both agents are well tolerated with adverse effects limited to cough and wheezing. Bad taste and headache have also been reported with nedocromil. One dose of cromolyn or nedocromil prior to exercise or allergen exposure will provide effective prophylaxis for 1 to 2 hours. Cromolyn and nedocromil are not as effective as albuterol for prophylaxis of exercise-induced asthma. 

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