Whats Wrong

The scenario described above is all too familiar in business, but the reasons for 

Inhibition of full exploration of ideas by a leader-follower dynamic 

The remainder of this section examines how each of these factors can inhibit group brainstorming productivity. 

The usual unstructured meeting has a serial idea-criticize-idea-criticize rhythm to it, which is particularly harmful to a group s problem-solving productivity. Finding a solution to a problem usually requires the recombination of a number of notions from a number of sources to arrive at something that works. If notions are disposed of before they ve had a chance either to generate or inspire other solutions or refinements, or to be recombined with other partial solutions, the end result will be less satisfactory than it otherwise might have been (i.e., had more partial solutions survived to be considered in the final analysis). 

Fonnal managers are necessary in all organizations, and these managers have 

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Oregon OSHA www.orosha.org/interactive/ww/whats wrong with this pic.html... 

The angles ot, p, and x relate to the orientation of the dipole nionient vectors. The geonieti y of interaction between two bonds is given in Fig. 4-16, where r is the distance between the centers of the bonds. It is noteworthy that only the bond moments need be read in for the calculation because all geometr ic features (angles, etc.) can be calculated from the atomic coordinates. A default value of 1.0 for dielectric constant of the medium would normally be expected for calculating str uctures of isolated molecules in a vacuum, but the actual default value has been increased 1.5 to account for some intramolecular dipole moment interaction. A dielectric constant other than the default value can be entered for calculations in which the presence of solvent molecules is assumed, but it is not a simple matter to know what the effective dipole moment of the solvent molecules actually is in the immediate vicinity of the solute molecule. It is probably wrong to assume that the effective dipole moment is the same as it is in the bulk pure solvent. The molecular dipole moment (File 4-3) is the vector sum of the individual dipole moments within the molecule. 

This result agrees with Computer Project 6-1, but it is not very good, —0.4244 hartrees, as compared to the exact solution of —0.5000, a 15.1% error. What went wrong ... 

Strategy Problem 1 The wrong substitution pattern . Making aromatic compounds m-substituted with two o -directing groups is always a problem. What strategies can you suggest An example (TM 412) is the alkyl hahde used in the synthesis of some steroids. 

When criticals cannot he estimated with reasonable accuracy, the method of Maxwell and BonnelP is recommended. The normal boiling point and the specific gravity at 60 F (15.5 C) are required inputs. According to what vapor pressure range is expected, the vapor pressure is calculated from Eqs. (2-34), (2-35), or (2-36). If the wrong range is selected, the procedure will need to be repeated. 

Identify the scenario. What can go wrong to result in the loss of containment of the material ... 

The dislocation cannot glide upwards by the shearing of atom planes - the atomic geometry is wrong - but the dislocation can move upwards if atoms at the bottom of the half-plane are able to diffuse away (Fig. 19.2). We have come across Fick s Law in which diffusion is driven by differences in concentration. A mechanical force can do exactly the same thing, and this is what leads to the diffusion of atoms away from the... 

Kletz, T.A. (1989) What Went Wrong Case Histories of Process Plant Disasters, Gulf Publishing, Houston. 

A reasonable question is what is the significance of superfluence in the logical expression As logic, there is nothing wrong, the overstatement is extraneous. But when... 

Risks were expressed as triplets . The first element of the triplet was found using accident records and a PHA. The databases used were MHIDAS (1992) (>5(XK1 accidents) and ACCIDATA (>1,500 mostly Brazil). The PHA was performed by personnel from REDUC (facility operator) and PRINCIPIA (the PSA vendor). About 170 basic initiating events (raptures of pipes, flanges, valves, spheres, pumps and human actions) were grouped into 12 initiators by equivalent diameter, pressure, flow type and rapture l(x ation. 

The last three decades have seen the development of a new science to help us better understand the risk of events about which there is often very little information. The reason there is interest in such a science is that there are a great many societal benefits from activities that involve risk risk that if properly managed through better understanding can greatly benefit the quality of all life on the planet earth, both plant and animal. That science is quantitative risk assessment, also known by such names as probabilistic risk assessment and probabilistic salety assessment, the latter being the preferred name for this text. Probabilistic safety assessment divides the risk question into three questions "What can go wrong " "How likely is it " and "What are the consequences "... 

Element 4.13 of ISO 9001 deals with specific nonconformities and element 4.14 deals with the action to eliminate their cause and prevent their recurrence. This additional ISO/TS 16949 requirement does seem to duplicate what is covered in clause 4.14.2. However, it does add a significant aspect - a reduction plan. One could be complying with elements 4.13 and 4.14 of ISO 9001 but have no reduction plan, since element 4.14 does not impose any time constraints on corrective action or require the incidence of nonconformity to be reduced. It is quite possible to take corrective action continuously and still not reduce the number of nonconformities. The requirement may be in the wrong place (i.e. in 4.13 rather than 4.14) but it is a useful addition nonetheless. 

Importance also applies to what may appear minor decisions in the planning or design phase. If such decisions are incorrect they could result in major problems downstream. If not detected, getting the decimal place wrong or the units of measure wrong can have severe consequences. Audits should verify that the appropriate controls are in place to detect such errors before it is too late. 

The construction worker who was to cairy out the modification checked the cable with a current detector and found that the wrong one had been disconnected. It was then found that the cable was incorrectly described on the written instmctions given to the operators. The description of the cable was not entirely clear, but instead of querying it, the first operator decided what he thought was the correct cable and asked the electrician to disconnect it. The second operator, or checker, had not been trained to check cables [32]. 

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