Weights, types erection

Indirect cost. Indirect was reviewed earlier in this chapter. In Table 8.12 an indirect cost factor of 1.38 is given for shell/tube type heat exchangers. Much of this cost factor is weighted with the field-erection cost of cranes and other heavy construction equipment items, such as welding trucks and heavy equipment transport logistics. The total shell/tube module cost is then ... 

This procedure is used to estimate the weight, fabricated cost, and erection hours of the various types of steel structures required in a chemical plant. It is a very good tool for checking contractors take-offt and estimates as well as discussing and evaluating field extras. 

Type Note Total Erection Weight (tons) Shackie Size (tons) Lug Thickness tL A B C E Rs Wi Gusset Thickness n Pads Lift Hole Oia Oi Lug Matl. Min. Yield (psi)... 

The conclusion of the study was that materials with low thermal conductivity (e.g. the eco-sandwich) enables the appUcation of relatively thin building envelopes, but the environmental impacts evaluated for the manufacture phase depend more on the type of materials used than on their weight. The system containing the eco-sandwich was the lightest, but the environmental impact due to the epoxy resin was very high. Nevertheless, light walls and roofs have the advantage that they are easy to erect. 

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