Weeds nigrum

Stankiewicz, M., G. Gadamski, and S.W. Gawronski (2001). Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of triazine-resistant and triazine-susceptible biotypes of Solanum nigrum Analysis using RAPD markers. Weed Res., 41 287-300. 

BLACK NIGHT SHADE Solanum nigrum, L., Solanaceae, is a common weed in gardens and waste places. The whole plant is toxic due to the occurrence of the alkaloid solanine, giving the same symptoms as Bittersweet. 

R-40 244 is a preemergence herbicide against broad-leaved weeds in a number of crops. It controls many problem weeds such as Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium album, Galium aparine. Polygonum spp., Sinapis arvensis and Solanum nigrum. 

Triazlne-reslstant weeds have appeared In fields where trlazine herbicides have been continuously used. At least 38 resistant weed species have been Identified (2). The weed biotypes are resistant to a number of trlazine herbicides, including atrazlne and terbutryn, and have a characteristic, altered spectrum of sensitivity to other herbicides (1). Resistance in Amaranthus hybridus (J) and Solanum nigrum ( ) has been attributed to a mutation in the chloroplast psbA gene. The frequency of appearance of resistant blotypes has been calculated to be very low C ). It was therefore proposed that a nuclear-encoded chloroplast mutator gene was involved (1). 

When FBj was found to be structurally related to AAL-toxin, it was decided to test both toxins for phytotoxicity with a variety of plant species. AAL-toxin was phytotoxic to both weed and crop species, including black nightshade Solanum nigrum L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), northern jointvetch Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B.S.P.)], duckweed (Lemna spp.), prickly sida Sida spinosa L.), jimsonweed Datura stramonium L.), cocklebur Helianthus annuus L.), hemp sesbania Sesbania exaltata [(Raf.)... 

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