Wearable displays

In conclusion, flexible LEDs based on polymer substrates have been widely studied. They possess high flexibility compared to the conventional rigid LEDs and demonstrate promising applications in the portable and wearable displays. However, the performance of current flexible LEDs should be enhanced so as to expand their applications in flexible light and displays. 

Wearability To generate the virtual reality of tactile feel, we should move our hand actively and freely, and receive appropriate stimuli in response to the hand movements. An IPMC based wearable display was successfully developed, which was made so small in size and weight that there was no interference with hand movements [8],... 

This type of CPCs is desirable for applications in robot arm joints, wearable displays, health monitors, disease diagnostics and electronic skins. We take the electronic skin (E-skin) as an example. As E-skin, the material must have stretchability, flexibility, and dexterous electronic reaction. E-skin should be able to emulate the touch and pressure sensitivity of human skin [164, 165], as shown in Figs. 17 and 18. 

Several reliable display device concepts are shown in Fig. 14.13. These devices can be used as a mobile e-reader (a)-(c), an e-book (d), a wearable GPS device (e) or a compact mobile phone with video conferencing capability (f). All the concepts have the advantage of a large display for a small device. 

On the basis of the results from this group, the Roche Diagnostic company has recently produced a wearable apparatus that has been tested in 23 diabetic patients for up to 72 h. The extra-corporeal unit displays a glucose value every minute. The signal is corrected for the time needed for fluid transport from the microdialysis probe to the sensor (31 min). The one-point cahbration mode was used after an initial equflibration time of about 4.7 h. Continuous monitoring was feasible for at least 3 days with no time-dependent dechne in sensitivity to glucose being noted [115]. 

Koo IM, Jung K, Koo JC, Nam JD, Lee YK, Choi HR (2008) Development of soft-actuator-based wearable tactile display. IEEE Trans Robotics 24 549... 

Reed, C. M., Rabinowitz, W.M., Durlach, N.l.etal. 1992. Analytic study of the Tadoma method improving performance through the use of supplementary tactile displays. J. Speech Hear. Res. 35 450. Sataloff, J., Sataloff, R.T., and VassaUo, L.A. 1980. Hearing Loss, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott. Saunders, F.A., Flill, W.A., and Franklin, B. 1981. A wearable tactile sensory aid for profoundly deaf children. /. Med. Syst. 5 265. 

From the perspective of physical interaction, mobile form factors present interaction design challenges, including restricted display space and input mechanisms, function integration, management of multiple communication channels, and reduced computing power. When viewed from a broader user experience perspective, mobile devices are cultural accessories and must fit with the user s aesthetics and personality. Wearable devices must be comfortable emotionally as well as physically for the wearer, similar to the impact of an accessory to clothing. 

Vision enhancement involves input from a camera, processing of the information, and output on a visual display. In its simplest form it may be a miniature head-mounted camera with the output on a head-mounted visual display (as used in some virtual reality systems). However, modern fast wearable computers make feasible sophisticated processing of the information in real time, and it is this factor which could transform interesting research projects into products of practical benefit to the bhnd and partially sighted people. 

Flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs) are becoming increasing important for their promising applications in many areas, such as the portable and wearable electronic devices, including smart windows, functional supercapacitors, and flexible displays. Typically, an ECD consists of four parts of substrate, conductive electrode, electrochromic material, and electrolyte. Enormous efforts have been made to improve the flexibility of ECDs including utilizing flexible polymer substrates and conductive materials. 

Wearable Electronics A highlight of the 2014 Consumer Electronic Show was wearable electronics. One example is the computerized display glasses that present visuals just above the normal eye viewing field. The eyeglasses have a display, camera and computer. The model for the show also handled voice commands from the wearer. 

M. B. Spitzer, P. M. Zavracky, G. Hunter, and N. Rensing, Wearable, stereo eyewear display, SID Tech. Digest, 34, 261 (2003). 

Mauriello M, Gubbels M, Froehlich L Social fabric fitness the design and evaluation of wearable e-textile displays to support gronp nmning. [Toronto]. 

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