Ways of knowing

To prevent surges, a well-trained operator would put the controller in manual mode and freeze the valve in an open position. This stops the control loop oscillations and decreases the compressor discharge resistance, thus breaking the surge cycle. Unfortunately, the operator has no way of knowing how much to open the valve and, subsequently, how much to close it. 

There is no mention that a prior hazard assessment will be acceptable. It is only common sense that OSHA would not expect employers with a previously documented hazard assessment program that meets the new requirements to perform another assessment. Yet there is no way of knowing if this will be acceptable. Employers should use good judgment on what is an effective hazard assessment. Bear in mind, hazard assessment should incorporate any applicable American National Standards... 

The various levels of the taxonomy represent factors that have an impact on failure rate. For example, lined pipe (CCPS taxonomy number 3.2.2) has a level that groups pipe into 0-6 size and over 6 . Unless the pipe size is specified, there is no way of knowing whether a given failure rate came from the 0-6 or the over 6 range. 

The heart of the control process is monitoring work in progress. It is your way of knowing what is going on and how actual compares to plan. With effective monitoring, you will know when corrective action is required. Common ways to keep abreast of project progress are ... 

Yet, it is reasonable to suppose that water molecules from the liquid are still evaporating, even at equilibrium. Molecules in the liquid have no way of knowing that the partial pressure of the vapor is equal to the vapor pressure. In the gas phase, the randomly moving molecules continue to strike the surface of the liquid and condense. Equilibrium corresponds to a perfect balance between this continuing evaporation and condensation. Then no net changes can be detected. ... 

G. A. White Well, of course, we have no way of knowing if carbonyls are made continuously. But, I would suspect that, if in fact you do form the carbonyls, they are likely to be formed from the most active sites that you have in your catalyst. You would be very fortunate, it would seem to me, if in fact the redeposition of that carbonyl in the form of nickel would be equally active. So I would suspect that perhaps you are not forming carbonyls. Our experience has been when we have formed them and have known that we formed them, that our catalyst has lost substantial activity. 

When an industrial pipeline is to be designed, there will be no a priori way of knowing what the in-line concentration of solids or the slip velocity will be. In general, the rate at which solids are to be transported will be specified and it will be necessary to predict the pressure gradient as a function of the properties of the solid particles, the pipe dimensions and the flow velocity. The main considerations will be to select a pipeline diameter, such that the liquid velocity and concentrations of solids in the discharged mixture will give acceptable pressure drops and power requirements and will not lead to conditions where the pipeline is likely to block. 

Lewis s theory of the chemical bond was brilliant, but it was little more than guesswork inspired by insight. Lewis had no way of knowing why an electron pair was so important for the formation of covalent bonds. Valence-bond theory explained the importance of the electron pair in terms of spin-pairing but it could not explain the properties of some molecules. Molecular orbital theory, which is also based on quantum mechanics and was introduced in the late 1920s by Mul-liken and Hund, has proved to be the most successful theory of the chemical bond it overcomes all the deficiencies of Lewis s theory and is easier to use in calculations than valence-bond theory. 

Although there is no way of knowing with certainty the concentration of TCDD in the off-loaded still bottoms, the waste holding tank in Verona from which the trucks were filled was sampled in August 1974 and was found to contain an average of 328 ppm TCDD. 

In trace organic analysis there is usually an extraction or clean-up process, rather than a sample dissolution. Here not only must the matrix effect be considered, but also the recovery yield of the extraction. Frequently an external spike standard is added, but there is often no way of knowing if the recovery of the spike standard matches the analyte in question. There is considerable evidence that the U S E P A method for VOA analysis (Minnich 1993) is subject to such error, as reported by Schumacher and Ward (7997). The analyst must always consider the possibility of such an error, especially when using CRMs to control methods that are applied in routine mode. 

This is a rather bleak picture of the effects of antidepressant treatment. In the best of circumstances - which is what the trial was designed to evaluate - only one out of three depressed patients showed a lasting recovery from depression, and since there was no evaluation of what the recovery rate might have been with placebo treatment, there is no way of knowing whether their recovery was actually due to the medication they had been given. 

After the net present value has been determined, what does it mean Is 800,000 a good, average, or poor value If the net present value is positive we know the plant is making more profit than if the capital were invested at the interest rate used. But how much higher—1%—2%—10% The only way of knowing is to determine the interest rate that gives a net present value of zero. This interest rate is known as the rate of return. Some companies use the rate of return to determine the optimum investment. The project with the largest return is considered the best. This is also known as the yield on investment method. 

A unimodal surface has been chosen because we have no way of dealing sequentially with a surface that has two or more peaks or valleys. The only reasonable approach is to start the sequential procedure at a number of widely disparate points and to determine whether the paths converse toward the same optimum. If two or more different peaks or valleys are indicated, the investigator must find the optimum for each possible peak or valley and then select the best. There is no way of knowing that all peaks or valleys have been explored except to map the whole surface finely using some factorial design. 

We have no way of knowing how much water was added. We know the final volume of the solution, but not the volume of the solvent. 

A. Mr. Hoffman, after one has been thinking over these questions for a whole year, then it is difficult to distinguish what one knew at the time and what one has learned now. I had no way of knowing it. 

I ve always thought of the body as something you approach as a thing to know but now I m much more prepared to believe that the body itself is a way of knowing. I ve been challenged by this work because it s taken me in the direction of looking at the body... 

There is also a slight difference between the refinement symbol and the diamond aggregation symbol. The diamond makes the abstract and constituent types (or actions) part of the same model. In these models, it is explicit that a w heeis a part of some particular car and that there is some way of knowing which buy action a particular pay is part of some por-... 

Although there is no way of knowing how many harmful chemicals were kept off the market since this PMN requirement went into effect, this risk assessment process was never applied so uniformly and thoroughly in pre-TSCA days and in this respect TSCA is meeting one of its major goals. 

We have no way of knowing just how many really harmful chemicals were kept off the U.S. market since the PMN requirement of TSCA went into effect. We are not even sure that some of the 1,000 plus new chemicals which have passed through the PMN process will not prove 20 or 30 years from how to be serious carcinogens or mutagens. What we do know, however, is that these 1,000 new chemicals have been subjected to a rigorous examination with respect to potential risks to society by both the business community and by the Federal Government. 

Leishmaniasis is rare in the United States, but it gained considerable publicity here after a small number of cases were diagnosed in American military personnel who served in the Persian Gulf during Operation Desert Storm. Each of these cases began with the bite of a tiny brownish sand fly infected with a protozoan parasite. There is no way of knowing how many other Americans sand flies... 

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