Watts, Thomas

The original drive for the development of modem carbon fibers, in the late-1950s, was the demand for improved strong, stiff and lightweight materials for aerospace (and aeronautical) applications, particularly by the military in the West. The seminal work on carbon fibers in this period, at Union Carbide in the U.S.A., by Shindo, et al, in Japan and Watt, et al, in the U.K., is well-documented [4-7]. It is always worth pointing out, however, that the first carbon fibers, prepared from cotton and bamboo by Thomas Edison and patented in the U.S.A. in 1880, were used as filaments in incandescent lamps. 

James Watt doubled the efficiency of the steam engine by introducing the separate condenser in the 1760s and created a new unit, the horse power, to measure its output. In 1784, Oxford brewer Sutton Thomas Wood obtained a patent for using waste steam from an industrial process to drive a steam engine and also to use the exliaust steam or hot water... 

Fable or fame Thomas Newcomen, like many inventors who preceded him in the steam revolution, has been clearly overshadowed in historical circles by the far more famous Scotsman, Janies Watt, who remains—incorrectly to some—known as the inventor of the steam engine. Watts engines arrived more than fifty years after Newcomen s successful mechanical works, and were considered improved versions of the Eiiglishman s concepts. But this was precisely the basis of many inventors successes, building upon their predecessors efforts in the normal course of technological advancement. WTiat is irrefutable is that both men, as well as others, can lay claim as pioneering fathers of the Industrial Revolution. 

A. Fleaid, K.L. Locker, A.M. MacLeod, D. Morrison, C.R. Moyes, D. O Connor, A. Pike, M. Rowiey, M.G.N. Russell, B. Sohal, J.A. Stanton, S. Thomas, FI. Verrier, A.P. Watt, J.L. Castro, Fluorination of 3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)indoles and 3-(3-(piperazin-1-yl) propyl)indoles gives selective human 5-FITid receptor ligands with improved pharmacokinetic profiles, J. Med. Chem. 42 (1999) 2087-2104. 

LADISLAUS RYBACH1 2 THOMAS KOHL1 2 1 GEO WATT AG, Zurich, Switzerland 2Institute of Geophysics, ETH Honggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland... 

John Wheeler-Bennett, John Anderson, Viscount Waverley (London and New York Macmillan, 1962), pp. 258-71, 275, 315-16 Alec Caimcross and Nita Watts, The Economic Seaion 1939-1961 A Study in Economic Advising (London Routledge, 1989), pp. 28-69 D.N. Chester, The central machinery for economic policy , in D.N. Chester (ed.). Lessons of the British War Economy (Cambridge University Press, 1951), pp. 5-33 Thomas Wilson, Churchill and the /Vo/(London Cassell, 1995). 

The original steam condensers were barometric condensers, which were used to increase the efficiency of the steam-driven reciprocating beam engines by a factor of 10. The barometric condenser was invented by James Watt (the steam engine was invented by Thomas Newcomen). Exhaust steam is mixed directly with cold water. As this creates a vacuum, the barometric condenser must be elevated about 30 ft above grade. The mixed condensate and cooling water drains through a pipe called a barometric leg—hence the name barometric condenser. 

Dogra GK, Hermann S, Irish AB, Thomas MAB, Watts GF. Insulin resistance, dysli-pidaemia, inflammation and endothelial function in nephritic syndrome. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002, 17, 2220-2225. 

Walle T, Walle UK, Knapp DR et al. (1983) Identification of major sulfate conjugates in the metabolism of propranolol in dog and man. Drag Metab Dispos 11 344-349 Watt AP, Mortishire-Smith RJ, Gerhard U, Thomas SR (2003) Metabolite identification in drug discovery. Drug Discovery Opinion 6 57... 

Flink and Thomas in their report on the use of microwave energy (14) (200 watts at 2450 MHz) and flowing air for water vapor removal admit that to avoid charring of book paper, the drying operation had to be stopped before the books became bone dry. ... 

Figure 1.6. R.W. Buss, Watts First Experiment on Steam . Fngraved by James Scott. (Copyright . Reproduced with permission from the Thomas Ross Collection www.rosscollection.co.uk)...

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