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Water vole

The animal assemblage is straightforwardly characterized by the last species of Mimomys (in 1965 Kretzoi showed that the valid name for this form is savini). Apart from this, the absolute predominance of ancestors of contemporary water voles (Arvicola), small voles with rootless teeth (Microtus and Pitymys) and locally steppe lemmings (Lagurus pannonicus), can be observed. [Pg.58]

Whereas in the previous phases of the fauna genesis it is very difficult to extrapolate the rich material deriving from the karstic hollows to the regional sediments, in the case of the Templomhegyian substage (Lower Biharian) it is very easy. As already noted in the introduction, small mammals of the stage of fauna genesis described above, i.e. the water voles (Mimomys savini), have been identified in fluvial sediments which sometimes show considerable layer widths. [Pg.68]

A decisive turn of events was reached when Fejfar (1971, in litt.) and Koenigswald (1973) pointed out that the water voles Arvicola) of various stratigraphical locations show slight differences in size but greater differences in enamel cover of molars for... [Pg.104]

Fig. 27. Occlusal surface of some characteristic rootless vole species of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene, as based on the lower first molar (M,). Small species (a) Microtus gregalis (b) Pitymys arvalidens-subterraneus (c) Microtus arvalinus-arvalis. Water vole (Arvicola genus) (d) Arvicola cantiana (enamel thick posteriorly, thin anteriorly) (e)/fmco/a sp. I (thick layer of enamel) (f) Arvicola sp. II (thin layer of enamel). Fig. 27. Occlusal surface of some characteristic rootless vole species of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene, as based on the lower first molar (M,). Small species (a) Microtus gregalis (b) Pitymys arvalidens-subterraneus (c) Microtus arvalinus-arvalis. Water vole (Arvicola genus) (d) Arvicola cantiana (enamel thick posteriorly, thin anteriorly) (e)/fmco/a sp. I (thick layer of enamel) (f) Arvicola sp. II (thin layer of enamel).
Finally, the Castellumian substage, to be discussed below, is again characterized by a medium-sized water vole, the molars of which are covered by an evenly distributed layer of enamel. That this phenomenon is not of a local character is shown by its occurrence in a number of faunas susceptible in this respect, ranging from England and France via Germany to Hungary. [Pg.105]

Thus it is understandable why there is little hope for recognition of the sporadic large-mammal finds of the surface sediments, possibly originating from this phase. However, since the remains of the water vole (Arvicola) in the small-mammal material retrieved by washing surface sediments are by no means rare, the rapid changes of these forms, as we have already seen, have been of utility in microstratigraphy. [Pg.111]

At tbe time of reporting I could not allocate the fauna stratigraphically. Today, however, on the basis of the form of water vole Arvicola) with thick enamel anteriorly, it is clear that the assemblage cannot be older than that of Siittd. Thus, since all the conservative elements are absent, and the two bears co-occurred, the faunas may be relegated to a substage analogous with the other Upper Pleistocene faunas of Tarko, Varboian in the wider sense. [Pg.131]

The water vole is now an endangered species in Britain but in many countries in mainland Europe it is considered an agricultural pest. [Pg.190]

APPEARANCE. The water vole is somewhat smaller than a rat, and has a shorter tail and a blunt nose. It can grow to a length of up to 25 cm (including the tail). [Pg.190]

LiEE CYCLE. The water vole lives underground, is exclusively herbivorous and feeds mainly on fresh roots (unlike the field mouse, which feeds mainly on the less succulent parts, especially the roots of the M9 apple rootstock and the elder). It makes a complex system of tunnels in the ground, reaching a length of up to 80 m and usually going down to a depth of 50 cm. [Pg.190]

ENEMIES. Although the water vole has many natural enemies, it can still... [Pg.191]

Another enemy, the weasel, is found mainly in quiet places, near water. In the UK, a major enemy is the mink, which is thought to have caused a serious decline in the water vole population. [Pg.191]

INSPECTION AND DAMAGE THRESHOLD. In mainland Europe the damage threshold for the water vole is zero. As soon as a water vole is detected in an orchard, it should be captured. [Pg.191]

CONTROL. The water vole is a key pest in organic apple and elder cultivation in some areas of mainland Europe (e.g. the Styrian region of Austria). Organic production in these areas cannot be successful unless the water vole is kept under control. [Pg.191]

Do not let wild plants grow freely (wild-flower strips and extensive meadows) in orchards that are at risk of attack from water voles. [Pg.192]

DIRECT. The only really effective method of controlling water voles is to catch them in traps. [Pg.192]

A rvicola amphibiuslterrestris Water vole / water rat [uncalibrated] ... [Pg.118]

Evsikov, V.I., Nazarova, G.G. Potapov, M.A. 1994. Female odor choice, male social rank, and sex ratio in the water vole. In Advances in the Biosciences. Vol. 93 Chemical Signals in Vertebrates VII (Ed. by R. Apfel-bach, D. Muller-Schwarze, K. Reutter E. Weiler), pp. 303-307. Oxford Pergamon. [Pg.405]

Water voles, Arvicola terrestris L., in Western Siberia inhabit wet-lands in summer. The harsh Siberian climate (cold winters) causes the young-of-the-year to move from summer wet habitats to dry sites (meadows), where they winter in underground tunnels. In spring, the voles return to wet habitats again and breed (Panteleyev, 1968). In accordance with Burkey-Stenseth s (1994) model, in which long winters and patchy distribution of resources decrease the stability of populations and cause population crashes, the breeding... [Pg.457]

Strategy of water voles in Western Siberia is opportunistic. Their populations exhibit a 10,000-fold inter-annual fluctuation in numbers in response to climatic cycles of wetness (Maksimov, 1977 Evsikov Moshkin, 1994). [Pg.458]

During summer, populations of water voles are structured into small local populations (Plusnin Evsikov, 1985 Evsikov, Nazarova Potapov, 1997). The formation of local populations of water voles is determined mainly by patchiness of suitable wet habitats (e.g. bogs, basin banks, etc.). Female water voles appear to be territorial within local habitats, whereas male home ranges are more extensive and widely overlap (Panteleyev, 1968 Stoddart, 1970 Evsikov et al., 1997 Rogov et al., 1992). These observations fit the predictions of Ostfeld (1985). [Pg.458]

We used water voles (Arvicola terrestris L.) that were either trapped from a natural population at Lisii Norki, Western Siberia (55oo50 N, 80oo00 E), or were laboratory-bom... [Pg.458]

Like other voles, especially those from cyclic populations (Hansson Jaarola, 1989 Mihok Boonstra, 1992), water voles rarely breed in captivity. Because of this, our data on the potential influence of individual odor preferences on female reproduction was insufficient for analysis. A total of 40 litters sired by 30 males (27 females) were obtained during this study. Among them, 23 litters were sired by 16 males (17 females) whose odor attractiveness had been measured. A male s attractiveness was subsequently calculated as an average score (time of odor investigation) from several tests with different females (from 1 to 5, median of 3), usually other than their mates. All males were tested for social rank. In several litters, pup weight either at birth or at the 21st day postpartum was not measured. [Pg.460]

It has been shown previously that female water voles are able to discriminate odors of males of different social ranks and degrees of kinship. Females prefer the odors of... [Pg.460]

Maksimov, A. A. 1977. The Types of Outbreaks and Prediction of Mass Reproduction of Rodents (the Water Vole Model). Novosibirsk Nauka (in Russian). [Pg.462]


See other pages where Water vole is mentioned: [Pg.70]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.101]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.110]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.124]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.190]    [Pg.191]    [Pg.457]    [Pg.458]    [Pg.458]    [Pg.459]    [Pg.459]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.190 , Pg.191 ]




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