Scattering techniques light

Foam rheology has been a challenging area of research of interest for the yield behavior and stick-slip flow behavior (see the review by Kraynik [229]). Recent studies by Durian and co-workers combine simulations [230] and a dynamic light scattering technique suited to turbid systems [231], diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS), to characterize coarsening and shear-induced rearrangements in foams. The dynamics follow stick-slip behavior similar to that found in earthquake faults and friction (see Section XU-2D). 

Another example of OTHdC application is the study of the association/ dissociation of copolymer micelles. Using the light-scattering technique, the... 

Sucrose is subjected to the action of the bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides B 512 and the crude, high-molecular weight dextran thus formed is hydrolyzed and fractionated to an average molecular weight of about 40,000 as measured by light-scattering techniques. 

Water is extensively used to produce emulsion polymers with a sodium stearate emulsifrer. The emulsion concentration should allow micelles of large surface areas to form. The micelles absorb the monomer molecules activated by an initiator (such as a sulfate ion radical 80 4 ). X-ray and light scattering techniques show that the micelles start to increase in size by absorbing the macromolecules. For example, in the free radical polymerization of styrene, the micelles increased to 250 times their original size. 

Larger, heavier molecules contribute more to than to M . Light scattering techniques and ultracentrifugation can determine M. ... 

Analytical techniques. See also Light scattering technique One-shot technique TEM technique ... 

Flocculation values achieved from turbidity measurements using the light scattering technique showed improvement with nonylphenol ether carboxylic acid (4 mol EO) in particular. The oil solubilization rate has been found to be proportional to the surfactant micellar size [190]. 

Katti 18) investigated, by a light-scattering technique, the gelling of agar. 

Beri, R. G., Walker, J., Reese, E. T., and Rollings, J. E., Characterization of chitosans via coupled size-exclusion chromatography and multiple-angle laser light-scattering techniques, Carb. Res., 238, 11, 1993. 

T. Arakawa, Applications of laser light scattering techniques to molecular biology, Cell Technol., 15(5), 679 (1996). 

M. Sinha, Ph. D. Physics Probing Polymer Networks Using Pulse Propagation and Brillouin Light Scattering Techniques. University of Cincinnati, 2000. 

Derived from spray data for kerosene, gas oil, and blended oils using light-scattering technique Dimensionally correct, excellent data correlation Co-flowing air and liquids... 

Derived from dimensional analysis with various constants and indices being deduced from spray data for water and kerosene measured using light-scattering technique... 

Light Scattering Technique. Properties of the light scattered by a large number of droplets can be used to determine droplet size distribution. Dobbins et al. 694 first derived the theoretical formulation of scattering properties of particles of arbitrary sizes and refractive indices in polydispersions of finite optical depth. Based on... 

The original version of the light scattering technique has been limited primarily to the measurement of Sauter mean diameter. Rizk and Lefebvre1695 developed a method based on the scattered... 

Fig. 4 PIC dye nanoparticles prepared by the ion-association method. (1) Particle size distributions (determined by the dynamic light scattering technique) and the corresponding electron micrographs of the dye nanoparticles. The average diameter can be controlled by tuning the molar ratio of TPB- to PIC+ (=[TPB-]/[PIC+]. With an increase in the molar ratio, the average diameter decreased. (2) Absorption spectra of PIC nanoparticles in aqueous solution with different sizes (125 and 64 nm in diameter), exhibiting size-dependent peak shift of the 0-0 band. The spectrum of the aqueous PIC-Br monomer solution is also shown...

Particles of a size of less than 2 turn are of particular interest in Process Engineering because of their large specific surface and colloidal properties, as discussed in Section 5.2. The diffusive velocities of such particles are significant in comparison with their settling velocities. Provided that the particles scatter light, dynamic light scattering techniques, such as photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), may be used to provide information about particle diffusion. 

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