Water, refractive index

As a preliminary test, the experimental setup just described was used to characterize the bare LPG. In Fig. 3.15 it is reported that the central wavelength and the transmission loss peak of the attenuation band centred around 1,300 nm (related to the cladding mode LP06) as a function of the SRI. The refractive index sensitivity of the bare LPG was found to be 5.06 nm/RIU (refractive index units) and 3.59 dB/ RIU, around the water refractive index, in terms of wavelength shift and amplitude... 

Lab grade hematite (Fe203) and copper sulfate (anhydrous and hydrated) were mounted on slides and used as controls to compare to mineral deposits that might have been found adhering to foe fibers. Rabbit hair and milkweed that had been colored with an aqueous hematite solution and with an aqueous copper sulfate (blue vitriol) solution were also used for comparison. Fibers removed from each simulated material were mounted in water (Refractive Index (Rl) of 1.0), and in Permount (Fisher Scientific) (RI of 1.55). The collected particulate matter and fibers removed from foe yam samples were similarly mounted and examined using optical microscopy. 

Physical Properties of Liquid Water Refractive Index of Water... 

H and Si NMR spectra were recorded on a Brnker Avance 300 spectrometer respectively at 300.13 and 75.6MHz at room temperatnre. CDClj and toluene were used as solvents. For Si NMR, Cr(acac)3 (0.03 M) was added in the tube and a delay between pulses of 20 s was set. IR spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Ehner IR ET 1760-X. The average molecnlar weight of the linear polymers was determined by size exclusion chromatography in TFIF (flow rate l.OmL.min" ) on an apparatus equipped with a Waters refractive index detector, a Waters column pack (Ultrastyra-gel 10, 10 100 A) and a Minidawn Wyatt light scattering detector. 

Fio. 5.—Chromatography on Carbon (Carboraffin Supra) of a Mixture of n-Glu-cose, Sucrose, and Raffinose by Displacement Development with 0.5% Ephedrine in Water (Refractive Index vs. Volume of Developer). ... 

Autoignition temperature 955°C Boiling point 141.1°C Dissociation constant pK = 4.874 Flash point 52-58°C (open cup) Melting point —21.5°C Partition coefficients Octanol water Refractive index = 1.3848 = 0.33. 

Material Transmission range (cm ) Solubility in water Refractive index... 

Material Transmission range ( Ji.m) Solubility (g/lOOg water) Refractive index Comments... 

A ray of light passing through water (refractive index, n = 1.33) in a glass tank (refractive index 1.58) hits the water/glass surface at an angle of 23°. 

Material Transmission Range (pm) Solubility (g/100 g Water) Refractive Index (Rl) Comments... 

Figure 3.8 Ray diagram illustrating the phenomena of transmission, reflection, and refraction at the interface between two media of differing refractive index. In this example rays pass from a high (glass) to low (water) refractive index medium.At angles of incidence (0,) below the critical angle (0j transmitted (refracted) and reflected rays are produced (grey). Above the critical angle total internal reflection occurs (black) and no...

The graph below shows the absorption spectrum of a molecule in water (refractive index = 1.33). The spectrum is simplified for ease of integration. Calculate the dipole strength of the absorption band and the transition dipole moment. Specify the units of both quantities. Save your results for use in the exercises for Chaps. 5 and 6. 

For example, the definition of a system as 10.0 g FI2O at 10.0°C at an applied pressure p= 1.00 atm is sufficient to specify that the water is liquid and that its other properties (energy, density, refractive index, even non-thennodynamic properties like the coefficients of viscosity and themial condnctivify) are uniquely fixed. 

The Hamaker constant can be evaluated accurately using tire continuum tlieory, developed by Lifshitz and coworkers [40]. A key property in tliis tlieory is tire frequency dependence of tire dielectric pennittivity, (cij). If tills spectmm were tlie same for particles and solvent, then A = 0. Since tlie refractive index n is also related to f (to), tlie van der Waals forces tend to be very weak when tlie particles and solvent have similar refractive indices. A few examples of values for A for interactions across vacuum and across water, obtained using tlie continuum tlieory, are given in table C2.6.3. 

TABLE 5.19 Refractive Index, Viscosity, Dielectric Constant, and Surface Tension of Water at Various Temperatures... 

Dichloroacetic acid [79-43-6] (CI2CHCOOH), mol wt 128.94, C2H2CI2O2, is a reactive intermediate in organic synthesis. Physical properties are mp 13.9°C, bp 194°C, density 1.5634 g/mL, and refractive index 1.4658, both at 20°C. The Hquid is totally miscible in water, ethyl alcohol, and ether. Dichloroacetic acid K = 5.14 X 10 ) is a stronger acid than chloroacetic acid. Most chemical reactions are similar to those of chloroacetic acid, although both chlorine... 

Chloroacetyl chloride [79-04-9] (CICH2COCI) is the corresponding acid chloride of chloroacetic acid (see Acetyl chloride). Physical properties include mol wt 112.94, C2H2CI2O, mp —21.8 C, bp 106°C, vapor pressure 3.3 kPa (25 mm Hg) at 25°C, 12 kPa (90 mm Hg) at 50°C, and density 1.4202 g/mL and refractive index 1.4530, both at 20°C. Chloroacetyl chloride has a sharp, pungent, irritating odor. It is miscible with acetone and bensene and is initially insoluble in water. A slow reaction at the water—chloroactyl chloride interface, however, produces chloroacetic acid. When sufficient acid is formed to solubilize the two phases, a violent reaction forming chloroacetic acid and HCl occurs. 

Numerous methods for the deterrnination of monomer purity, including procedures for the deterrnination of saponification equivalent and bromine number, specific gravity, refractive index, and color, are available from manufacturers (68—70). Concentrations of minor components are deterrnined by iodimetry or colorimetry for HQ or MEHQ, by the Kad-Eisher method for water, and by turbidity measurements for trace amounts of polymer. 

In general, textile fibers should be optically opaque so that their refractive indexes need to be significantly different from those of their most common environments, namely, air and water. Luster and color are two optical properties that relate to a fiber s aesthetic quatity and consumer acceptance. 

Magnesium hydroxide is white, has an average particle size of 1—10 p.m, density of 2.36 g/mL, refractive index of 1.58, and Mohs hardness of 2.00. Water loss on ignition is 31.8 wt %. Magnesium hydroxide contains 1.0 wt % Ca(OH)2 and is made by Solem Industries and Morton Thiokol (25). 

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