Water network retrofit

In the chemical industry, water is extensively used as a reactant, separation solvent and heating/cooling medium, and therefore the water integration is required due to both economic and environmental reasons. In Chapter 12, Sharma and Rangaiah present a mathematical model that can be used for grassroots and retrofit design of water networks. 

Reddy, C.C.S., Rangaiah, G.P, Lim, W.L. and Naidu, S.V. (2013b) Holistic approach for retrofit design of coohng water networks. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 52, 13059-13078. 

Design, Retrofit and Revamp of Industrial Water Networks using Multi-objective Optimization Approach... 

Retrofitting Selected Water Networks for Change in Environmental Regulations... 

In this chapter, the design and retrofitting of a water network are optimized for both fresh water consumption and total water flow rate at the inlet of regeneration units. 

Consider a smaller refinery water network problem by ignoring some processes in Table 12.1, and perform design, retrofitting and revamping via multi-objective optimization for two objectives, namely, fresh water consumption and total flow through the regeneration units, as in this chapter. 

Faria, D.C. and Bagajewicz, M.J. (2009) Profit based grassroots design and retrofit of water networks in process plants. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 33 (2), 436-453. 

III. Heat/Process Integration Study Pinch analysis is well established for finding optimal utilities, heat transfer area, optimal fresh water consumption, minimum cooling water demand, reduced emissions targets and so on (Smith, 2005 Kemp, 2007). One application of pinch analysis to retrofitting the heat exchanger network of a crude... 

Graphical Design Tools for Retrofitting Processes for Wastewater Reduction by Designing Water Recycle Networks... 

A shortcut graphical technique for water conservation design for retrofit processes has also been provided. Two important graphs are provided to create initial water recycle networks for consideration in retrofit processes. Of particular importance is the usefulness... 

Sotelo-Pichardo, C., Ponce-Ortega, J.M., El-Halwagi, M.M. and Frausto-Hernandez, S. (2011) Optimal retrofit of water conservation networks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19, 1560-1581. 

---