Heat/process integration study

III. Heat/Process Integration Study Pinch analysis is well established for finding optimal utilities, heat transfer area, optimal fresh water consumption, minimum cooling water demand, reduced emissions targets and so on (Smith, 2005 Kemp, 2007). One application of pinch analysis to retrofitting the heat exchanger network of a crude... 

Further work in process evaluation has been done to evaluate the potential performance of the process when energized by a solar heat source. These studies, which were of a preliminary nature, were based on the solar hydrogen plant being integrated into a chemical process to produce a currently marketable commodity. 

The eddy diffusivity depends on the fluid properties but also on the velocity and position in the flowing stream. Therefore Eq, (21.30) cannot be directly integrated to determine the flux for a given concentration difference. This equation is used with theoretical or empirical relationships for e f in fundamental studies of mass transfer, and similar equations are used for heat or momentum transfer in developing analogies between the transfer processes. Such studies are beyond the scope of this text, but Eq. (21.30) is useful in helping to understand the form of some empirical correlations for mass transfer. 

This chapter has provided a brief overview of process integration issues and possible solutions. For a much broader discussion of the topic of heat integration, the reader should consult Douglas (1988) or Seider et al. (2008). For a more extensive development of control system design issues, including a number of simulation case studies, Luyben (2002) should be consulted. 

Although the composite curves can be used to set energy targets, they are not a suitable tool for the selection of utilities. The grand composite curve is a more appropriate tool for understanding the interface between the process and the utility system. It is also, as is shown in later chapters, a useful tool for study of the interaction between heat-integrated reactors and separators and the rest of the process. 

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