Water mass transformation

Gundersen, K. R. (1974). A Study of Biological Nitrogen Transformations in the Water Masses of the North Central Pacific Ocean, Final report prepared for National Science Foundation Grant GA-27288. 

Appreciation of the interactive processes outlined earlier has been able to illuminate discussion on mechanisms of problems as diverse as acidification of water masses, climate alteration, ozone formation, and destruction, and the possible environmental roles of trichloroacetic acid and nitroarenes. The analysis and distribution of these—and other—transformation products is therefore clearly motivated (Sections 2.5 and 3.6). 

Superimpose the attributes of the Arctic environment upon the cycles of these biological precursors, and what arises is a system of biological production, transformation and losses unique in the global ocean system. Continental shelves are a key feature that influence greatly the production and cycling of organic matter in the Arctic Ocean. Water masses exiting different Arctic shelves... 

Transformation and age of water masses. In Siedler, G, Church, J. and Gould, J.J. (eds). Ocean circulation climate observation and modeling of the global ocean. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 431-452 + Plate 5.8.17 (P. 428)... 

To adapt Cj e, to local conditions, the local atmospheric pressure has to be translated into noble gas partial pressures. This transformation has to account for the facts that the ratio of water vapor pressure to total pressure ptot is variable, and that noble gas volume fractions are only known in dry air (Ozima and Podosek 1983). Hence any adaptation of solubility data to the local altitude of the surface of an open water mass has to be corrected for atmospheric water vapor pressure (see Eqn. 12). 

A sample of water is heated from 20.0 °C to 100 °C by boiling, the water is transformed into water vapour at 100 °C. The boiling occurs at a pressure of 1 atm. Data for water The heat of evaporation at 100°C is 2257 J/g specific heat capacity Cp = 75.29 J/molK the molar mass is M = 18.02 g/mol. Calculate the entropy increase in the water AS (J/mol K) for the entire process heating + evaporation ... 

Chemists keep track of individual atoms and electrons at the atomic level, but in the laboratory, chemists measure mass. Neither the numbers nor the masses of atoms and electrons change during chemical transformations, so mass is also conserved. For example, the burning of 1 g of methane and 2 g of oxygen produces 3 g of carbon dioxide and water. 

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