Water conductor assembly

SPS/nylon blends are specifically required in the claims of patents for an intake manifold [50], an oil pan [51], a water conductor assembly [52], a car body trimming part [53], a substrate for an adhesive [54,55], a reflector plate [56], an automotive body panel [57], and an assay device [58]. Table 16.8 lists the patents for which SPS/nylon blends are described as a candidate material in the claims for the application being patented. 

Chapter 2 dwells on all aspects of the structure and functioning of polymer electrolyte membranes. The detailed treatment is limited to water-based proton conductors, as, arguably, water is nature s favorite medium for the purpose. A central concept in this chapter is the spontaneous formation of ionomer bundles. It is a linchpin between polymer physics, macromolecular self-assembly, phase separation, elasticity of ionomer walls, water sorption behavior, proton density distribution, coupled transport of protons and water, and membrane performance. 

Kawasaki T, Tokuhiro M., Kimizuka N., Kunitake T. Hierarchical self-assembly of chiral complementary hydrogen-bond networks in water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001 123 6792-6800 Kharton V.V., Marques F.M.B. Mixed ionic-electronic conductors effects of ceramic microstructure on transport properties. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2002 6(3) 261-269 Kikkinides E.S., Stoitsas K.A., Zaspalis V.T. Correlation of structural and permeation properties in sol-gel-made nanoporous membranes. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2003 259 322-330 Kilner J., Benson S., Lane J., Waller D. Ceramic ion conducting membranes for oxygen separation. Chem. Ind. November 1997 907-911... 

Honma [123] reported PSSA-PWA composite membrane (1X10 S cm conductivity at 180 °C) by self-assembly technique for fuel cell applications under anhydrous conditions. These acid-acid composite PEMs acted as proton conductors without the existence of water molecules. Current and power density increased with the heating of the cell chamber and showed the highest values atl60°C. 

The situation is of course more complicated when the charge assembly resides in a material medium. Materials may be classified as conductors or insulators. For a conductor (e.g., most metals), all net charge resides on the surface of the conductor and distributes itself such that the electric field is zero inside the material. For insulators, or dielectrics (e.g., glass, water. ..), the medium modifies Coulomb s law in a simple way. For two point charges in a medium characterized by dielectric constant s the Coulomb potential is reduced by a factor of g (g = 1 in vacuum and g > 1 in a material medium) ... 

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