WATER CAN BE USED TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY

Water Can Be Used to Generate Electricity utmost attention. Indeed, whenever we burn plant material, we are releasing... 

Tidal Energy A source of power derived from the movement of waves. Tidal energy traditionally involves erecting a dam across the opening to a tidal basin. The dam includes a sluice that is opened to allow the tide to flow into the basin the sluice is then closed, and as the sea level drops, traditional hydropower technologies can be used to generate electricity from the elevated water in the basin. 

A solar pond can be used to generate electricity by employing special turbines that use a working fluid other than water. Typical steam turbines cannot be used, because the solar pond cannot produce temperatures high enough to generate steam efficiently. However, lower-boiling liquids can be used. 

The process derived from RO enables energy generation from a concentration difference. During osmosis water flows from the dilute solution (pure water) to the concentrated solution as shown in Figure 1.10. The osmotic water flow can be used to generate electricity by means of a turbine [17, 60]. The water flow at a AP< A/r is... 

Many geothermal reseiwoirs contain hot water at a temperature too low for electricity generation. However, the water can be used to heat buildings such as homes, greenhouses, and fish hatcheries. This heating can be either direct or through the use of heat pumps. 

This water cycle—the process of moving water from oceans to streams and hack again— is essential to the generation of hydroclcctricity. Moving water can be used to perform work and, in particular, hydroelectric power plants employ water to produce electricity. The comhination of abundant rainfall and the right geographical conditions is essential for hydroelectric generation. 

Products Solid char produced at low temperatures liquid and gases at higher temperatures High yield of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, ethane, nitrogen, and water Recoverable heat can be used to generate steam and produce electricity... 

Nuclear power plants generate electricity in much the same way fossil fuel power plants do. Water is heated to create steam that can be used to turn electricity-generating fur bines. The fundamental difference between these two types of power pi ants i s th e fuel used to h eat th e water. A fossil fuel plant burns fossil fuel, such as coal or petroleum, but a nuclear plant, such as the one shown in this chapter s opening photograph, uses the heat created by nuclear fission to heat the water. 

In most cases, the purpose of a nuclear reactor is to capture the energy released from fission reactions and put it to some useful service. For example, the heat generated by a nuclear reactor in a nuclear power plant is used to boil water and make steam, which can then be used to generate electricity. The way that heat is removed from a reactor core is the basis for defining a number of different reactor types. 

This method of water treatment is not economical when electricity must be purchased. It is suitable for mountain districts where the water arrives naturally under pressure at the place where it is to be treated. Then the cost of electricity to operate a pump for the emulseur is avoided, and excess water pressure also can be used to generate the electricity necessary for the ozonation. But such favorable conditions are rare, especially for large centers of population. 

We have seen that an oxidation-reduction reaction can be used to generate an electric current, in fact, this type of reaction is used to produce electric currents in many space vehicles. An oxidation-reduction reaction that can be used for this purpose is hydrogen and oxygen reacting to form water. 

For low electricity costs ( 75% compared with the reference case). Cases IE and IG will be more attractive compared with the other cases. These cases are still attractive even with higher electricity cost (125% compared with the reference case), with a payback period of 0.88 years. As expected, a higher electricity price reduces the attractiveness of all cases. Waste LLP steam can be recovered economically from the steam condensate system. Alternatively, waste heat can be recovered as hot water from process streams. Petroleum refineries often discard a lot of waste heat through furnace stacks, fin-fan coolers and product coolers, which can be used to generate LLP steam (Reddy et al., 2013b). In such situations, where LLP steam is available at zero cost, a single-stage absorption chiller (Cases ID and IF) becomes feasible and attractive with a payback period of 0.93 years (Table 11.2). 

ElectrolyticaUy generated hydrogen gas fuel is perhaps the ultimate green fuel in that the electricity can be generated from renewable sources that may be intermittent in nature. In Iceland, the electricity is generated by abundant renewable hydroelectric and geothermal steam sources. In other areas, solar cells and windpower can be used to produce electricity required to electrolyze water. These sources are inherently... 

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