Water absorption, paper testing

D 1584 Test Method for Water Absorptiveness of Paper Labels (Intent to Withdraw)... 

Fig. 10 Effect of undefibrized paper particles on water absorption in 24 hr water soak test.

Naturally, leather absorbs some liquid water but mainly is water resistant. The leather industries do not claim that it is waterproof. So-called waterproof leathers are finished with water repellent agents such as organo-silicon, fluorocarbon and so on. Water absorption of leather can be tested by a static absorption method (ASTM D1815, 2000a). Cut the conditioned specimen with a circular cutter. Measure the diameter and thickness of the specimen. Calculate its volume in cubic centimetres. Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.01 g. Immerse the specimen in distilled water at 23 1 °C in ahorizontal position with the grain side up. Leave the specimen immersed for a period of 30 min. At the end of immersion, take out the specimen and blot the surface of the specimen with filter paper to remove excess water. Weigh the specimen immediately to the nearest 0.01 g. Calculate the amount of water absorbed by the specimen ... 

ASTM D1584-60 (1984) (withdrawn 1991) Standard test method for water absorptiveness of paper labels. 

Physical testing of rubber, Method for determination of the transmission rate of volatile liquids Plastics. Determination of water absorption Determination of the water vapour transmission rate of plastic film, rubber sheeting, paper, board and other sheet materials by gravimetry... 

Volume Resistivity Water Absorptiveness (of Paper Labels) Weathering Wedge Test Working Life... 

Reinforced Plastics Congress, British Plastics Federation, London, Paper No. 19, pp 145-151 Russell AJ, Street KN (1985) Moisture and temperature effects on the mixed-mode delamination fracture of unidirectional graphite/epoxy. Delamination and debonding of materials, ASTM 537 STP 876, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp 349-370 Saito H, Kimpara I (2007) Effect of water absorption on compressive strength after impact and post impact fatigue behavior of woven and knitted CFRP laminates. Key Eng Matra-334-335 517-520... 

This paper discusses the properties of polymer-modified mortars with silica fume. The polymer-modified mortars using a styrene-butadiene rubber latex and an ethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion are prepared with various polymer-cement ratios and silica fume contents, and tested for flexural and compressive strengths, adhesion, water absorption and permeation, water resistance, drying shrinkage, carbonation and chloride ion penetration. The effects of the polymer-cement ratio and silica fume content on the properties of the polymer-modified mortars are e>amined. In conclusion, the addition of the silica fume causes improvements i- the compressive strength, resistance to water permeation and chloride ion penetration. However, the adhesion, resistance to water absorption and carbonation and drying shrinkage are not improved by silica fume addition. 

Absorption tests measure the weight increase of the sample that has been immersed in water, placed between paper blotters, and passed through a wringer to remove excess water. The now discontinued static absorption test [170] (AATCC Test Method 21-1983) immersed a weighed sample in water at an average hydrostatic head of 8.9 cm (3.5 in.) for 20 min. The dynamic absorption test [171,172] (AATCC Test Method 70-1997) tumbles preweighed samples in water in ajar for 20 min. The weight increase is reported as percent water absorbed. The test measures hydrophobicity of the fibers and yams in the fabric independently of the fabric construction. 

Free Fatty Acids (as stearic acid) Transfer 2 g of sample, accurately weighed, into a dry, 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 mL of acetone, fit an air-cooled reflux condenser onto the neck of the flask, boil the mixture on a steam bath for 10 min, and cool. Filter through two layers of Whatman No. 42, or equivalent, filter paper, and wash the flask, residue, and filter with 50 mL of acetone. Add phenolphthalein TS and 5 mL of water to the filtrate, and titrate with 0.1 A sodium hydroxide. Perform a blank determination (see General Provisions) using 100 mL of acetone and 5 mL of water, and make any necessary correction. Each milliliter of 0.1 A sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 28.45 mg of stearic acid (CigH gOi). Lead Determine as directed in the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method under Lead Limit Test, Appendix NIB, using a 10-g sample. 

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