Wastewater, agricultural industrial

Cutting oils and aqueous metal working fluids Industrial wastewater Agricultural waste and runoff Cyanide contamination Desulfurization of coal fines Chlorinated aliphatics Pesticides... 

Gavala, H.N., Skiadas, I.V., Bozinis, N.A., Lyheratos, G., 1996. Anaerobic codigestion of agricultural industries wastewaters. Water Science and Technology 34, 67—75. 

Nitrophenols are present in numerous food-processing wastewaters such as those from wine distilleries, olive oil factories, boiling cork process, as well as other industrial synthetic effluents. Further, they originate from oxidation of many pesticides including parathion and other organophosphoms pesticides or as reactants or intermediates in pesticide production and thus are important soil, agricultural, industrial, and municipal water pollutants. Many national health agencies set their own limits for them in these matrices. The US EPA has restricted the concentration of 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 2,4-dinifrophenol to 10 pg in natural water (corresponds to 5 x 10 mol for 2,4-DNP and... 

Over the past decade, water pollution control has progressed from an art to a science. Increased emphasis has been placed on the removal of secondary pollutants, such as nutrients and refractory organics, and on water reuse for industrial and agricultural purposes. This in turn has generated both fundamental and appHed research, which has improved both the design and operation of wastewater treatment faciUties. 

Level 1 For each River Basin, identification of the existing problems and their possible causes (the same problem can be originated for more than one cause). For example, the problem No demand satisfaction can be caused by water transfers, surface water and groundwater extraction, agricultural and farm activities (water pollution), a lack of urban and industrial wastewater treatment, Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs), etc. 

Nowadays there is already lots of information about detection and emerging contaminant concentrations in liquid matrices, such as industrial and agricultural effluents and influent/effluent of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). On the contrary, there is lack of knowledge about these pollutants in solid matrices, despite the hydrophobicity of a wide range of them and therefore it is expected that a large part of them are adsorbed in sludge, manure, sediments, etc. One of the reasons for this lack of information, as has been revealed in Chap. 2, is the analytical difficulty in solid matrices that is much greater than in liquid matrices, not only for the... 

Copper concentrations in air, soil, water, sediments, and other abiotic materials are elevated as a result of human activities, especially near copper smelters and mines, urban areas, municipal and industrial wastewater outfalls, marinas containing copper-based antifouling paints, and agricultural soils receiving prolonged applications of copper-based fungicides (Table 3.2). Maximum copper... 

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