Waste reduction INDEX

Web site of Waste Reduction Resource Center. Available at http //wrrc.p2pays.org/p2rx/index. cfm page=subsection hub id=449 subsec id=15, accessed on 11.06.2009. 

Early work in this area was carried out in 2001 by the UKAEA, and the Hazard Reduction Index illustrated the extent of hazard reduction to be achieved by UKAEA through their site strategies and plans. This work was shared with BNFL and other UK nuclear organisations in 2001, and since then BNFL and UKAEA have further developed the concept and published a proposed Waste Conversion Index (WCI) in September 2003. ... 

Elf Atochem has established a waste index by which it measures progress made in waste reduction. The weightings given encourage on-site treatment and incineration rather than external treatment and landfill. Historical figures of this index from 1989 onwards are also included for the 35 French sites. These show a 24% reduction over the period. 

USEPA. 2012. WARM (Waste Reduction Model) Version 12. USEPA, Washington, DC. Available at http //epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/warm/index.html. Accessed Oct 20, 2014. 

To evaluate attributes for a process, the waste reduction (WAR) algorithm was developed initially as a pollution balance [46] and later as a potential impact balance [47]. The potential impact balance is a relative of toxicity indexes (e.g., [48]), which divide pollution by an LD50 (lethal dose that kills 50% of a test population) or threshold-limiting value. Flowever, the balance incorporates an input—output calculation of system analysis... 

The biocatalytic reduction step B in synthetic route B demands more raw materials (mass index S , see equation (5.1)) and generates more waste (environmental factor , see equation (5.2)) as compared to reduction step C (Figure 5.1). Solvents used to perform the extraction of the product from the aqueous phase in reduction step B are denoted as auxiliaries in Figure 5.1. These solvents and the aqueous phase dominate the mass balances as well as the environmental scores in Figure 5.2 (M4, M8). 

Emissions to land global waste generation is reported in the CER as an index calculated as the ratio of waste per unit of production to the figure in 1992. By 1995 this index had fallen to 87%, with further reductions to 67% in 1998. The absolute waste generation figures given in the internet report increased 3% to approximately 400 000 tons between 1992 and 1998. Hazardous waste this fell 5% to approximately 110000 tons between 1992 and 1998. 

FOEN, 2009. Micropollutants in the Aquatic Environment. Assessment and Reduction of the Pollutant Load Due to Municipal Waste Water. FOEN, Berne, Switzerland, http //www.bafu. admin.cli/pubKkationen/pubKkation/01039/index.html lang=en. 

Respiratory index (RI4) Landfill settlements RI4 < 2.5 mg Oj/g DM Significant reduction Laboratory test on waste taken from the aerated landfill... 

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