Waste, combustion reuse

Dewey G (1993) Municipal waste combustion ash as an aggregate substitute in bituminous mixture. Symposium proceedings Recovery and Effective Reuse of Discarded Materials and By-products for Construction of Highway Facilities. Federal Highway Administration, FHA 64... 

Glasser, F. P. 2004. Coal Combustion Wastes Characterisation, Reuse and Disposal. In Giere, R. Stille, P. (eds) Energy, Waste, and the Environment a Geochemical Perspective. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 236, 211-222. 

Coal combustion wastes characterization, reuse and disposal... 

When viewing effluent treatment methods, it is clear that the basic problem of safely disposing of waste material is, in many cases, not so much solved but moved from one place to another. If a method of treatment can be used that allows material to be recycled or reused in someway, then the waste problem is truly solved. However, if the treatment simply concentrates the waste as concentrated liquid, slurry or solid in a form that cannot be recycled, then it will still need to be disposed of. Landfill disposal of such waste is increasingly unacceptable, and thermal oxidation causes pollution through products of combustion and liquors from scrubbing systems. The best method for dealing with effluent problems is to solve the problem at source by waste minimization. 

Also, by the very nature of chemical transformations, there are almost always unused chemicals remaining. These chemical leftovers include contaminants in the raw materials, incompletely converted raw materials, unavoidable coproducts, unselective reaction by-products, spent catalysts, and solvents. There have long been efforts to minimize the production of such waste products, and to recover and reuse those that cannot be eliminated. For those that cannot be reused, some different use has been sought, and as a last resort, efforts have been made to safely dispose of whatever remains. The same efforts apply to any leftovers from the production of the energy from the fuels produced or consumed by the processing industries. Of particular immediate and increasing concern are the potential detrimental effects of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion, as discussed further in Chapters 9 and 10. 

Adsorption by activated carbon is commonly employed for the removal of TNT from aq waste streams, eg, pink water formed in shell-loading operations. Low efficiency in regeneration of the carbon for reuse has led to a study of the factors involved (Ref 99), with conclusions as follows. The TNT is adsorbed at many of the numerous high-energy sites on the surface of the carbon. Basic materials, introduced during activation of the carbon by combustion and oxidation and also present at these sites, then induce oxidation-reduction reactions of the methyl with the nitro groups in the TNT. This is... 

Plastic waste can be either landfilled, reused, converted to energy by combustion, reclaimed and reprocessed into new products, or converted into monomers or simple chemicals. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) advocates three Rs reduce, reuse, and recycle. The approaches to handle the plastic waste problem are reduce the amount of waste to be discarded reuse a signihcant amount of the waste discarded and recycle as much of the waste as possible. 

Based on the literature it can be stated that plastic waste management currently operates four fundamental methods incineration, landfill, reuse and recycling via energy production [12]. Unfortunately, both landfilling and incineration are currently the mostly commonly used methods for solid and plastic waste disposal. However, it is also well known that neither deposition, nor combustion should be the long-term solution for the problem of waste plastic treatment. 

The management of solid wastes was an important topic of the meeting. Flue gas treatment or fluidized bed combustion with sorbents give rise to amorrrrts of soUd wastes that have to be disposed of or reused. 

In the case of automobile shredder residues, since the automobile industry has the responsibility to reuse industrial wastes generated during the manufacturing process after the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law [11] was promulgated in 2002, combustible wastes are utilized in the kiln as thermal energy. 

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