Waste, combustion heat, from power plants

Thermal reactions leading to the PCDD/F emissions are connected with technological and domestic combustion. PCDD/Fs were found in the emissions of the various combustion processes independently from the fuel municipal and hazardous waste incinerators, power plants with fossil fuels, automobile exhaust, private heating and fire places, wood and forest fires,... 

Harvested and delivered whole, the trees are dried in an air-supported fiber glass dome structure over a 30-d period by using waste heat from the combustion process in the adjacent plant (Fig. 5). Trees leave the dome on die conveyor and, at the boiler wall, batches are cut into sections to fit the boiler. These sections are about 8.5 m long for die 100-MW facility studied by EPRI and the Minnesota Power Light Company. 

Large amounts of nitrosamines leak into the environment from the pharmaceutical and food industries, plastics industry, textile industry, waste transport (motor vehicles), industrial effluents (dyes, lubricants, mbber), and the production of solvents. Fuel manufacturing plants and oil refineries are also important emitters of nitrosamines, as well as landfills and fossil fuel combustion processes (to produce heat and power). These compounds naturally penetrate the environment through animal droppings. 

The conversion of biomass and waste into electricity and heat is increasingly performed by the coal-fired power plants in the Netherlands. The main objective is the reduction of CO2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, and subsequently the reduction of the contribution of coal-fired power plants to the potential hazard of global warming. 

The exhaust heat from the combustion turbine is recovered in the heat recovery steam generator to produce steam. The waste heat is passed to a steam turbine system, while heat is recovered from both the gasification process and the gas turbine exhaust in advanced boilers producing steam. The steam is then used in steam turbines to produce additional electrical power, while the syngas mixture could also feed a fuel cell plant (IGFC). 

Use of Different Fuels and Their Characteristics - The best commercial, dry, low NOx combustors today are optimized for clean-burning natural gas. However, with raised natural gas prices over the next decade, power plants may be forced to burn low-heating value fuel gas, products of gasification or low quality residual fuels. As the combustion becomes more complicated, e.g. lean-premixed combustors, to handle NOx emissions from different fuels is bound to become more complex, too. Hence, development of the catalytic combustor must also be directed towards fuels other than natural gas. These fuels could be other hydrocarbon feedstock, e.g. diesel fuels,which are more available than natural gas in some parts of the world, and kerosene,which is used for jet-turbines in aeroplanes. An increased use of renewable fuels, such as methanol, ethanol and low-heating value fuels derived from biomass or waste will also lead to a demand to put these fuels to use in gas turbines. ... 

Airborne particles can have both natural and man-made origins. Soot particles from domestic heating, power plants, waste incineration or diesel engines are the result of an incomplete combustion. They can adsorb sulfur species that make them particularly corrosive. Natural sources of airborne particles include volcanoes, trees,... 

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