Wash Concentrate

Ingredients % by Wt. Water 50/7 NaOH (50%) 5.5 Bio-Soft S-100 20.8 Alpha-Step ML-40 23.0 

Charge tank with water and add sodium hydroxide. Add Bio-Soft S-100 while mixing. Adjust pH to about 7 with sodium hydroxide or Bio-Soft S-100 as required. Add Alpha-Step ML-40. Adjust final pH to requirements. 

Appearance Clear yellow liquid Solids, % 30.0 pH, as is 7.0 Viscosity 25C, cps 200 Use Instructions  

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Traditionally, dried or powdered plant material is used and extracts can be obtained by mixing the material with food-grade solvents like dichloromethane or acetone followed by washing, concentration, and solvent removal. The result is an oily product that may contain variable amounts of pheophytins and other chlorophyll degradation compounds usually accompanied by lipid-soluble substances like carotenoids (mainly lutein), carotenes, fats, waxes, and phospholipids, depending on the raw material and extraction techniques employed. This product is usually marketed as pheophytin after standardization with vegetable oils. 

In 1972, 11 subjects wearing protective goggles in the wind tunnel had CR sprayed on their faces from 3 or 12 ft for 10 s. The exposed areas were then washed. Concentrations of the CR sprays are not available. Also in 1972, nine subjects had cutaneous exposures to CR and CN on the same day other data on these subjects are not available. 

Sprav-Qn Car Wash Concentrate "Grease and Grime" Remover... 

Automatic Car Wash Concentrate A High Alkaline Dilutable Concentrate... 

Viscosity poses a similar problem in the production of pulp wash concentrate. Pulp wash consists of juice solids obtained by countercurrent washing of pulp after its separation from juice. On a °Brix basis, pulp wash liquids are higher in pectin than juice from which the pulp has been screened (19). Concentration of pulp wash above 40°Brix is at times hampered by excessive pectin levels (20). To control viscosity processors may be forced to reduce finisher pressure to minimize pectin extraction, thereby curtailing yield. A more effective solution is to treat pulp wash with pectinases to reduce pectin levels (21). If pectinases are incorporated into the wash water, this method has the advantage of increasing total solids yield by reducing juice retention in the pulp. 

Some quality parameters, typical of commercial pulp-wash concentrates and dilute liquids, are included in the following statements ... 

For 60°B pulp-wash concentrate, a viscosity up to 10,000 cps (Brookfield with 4 spindle, 60 rpm, 26.7°C) and a 2 gel would be typical. Viscosities above 15,000 cps would be considered high, but the range 2,000 to 5,000 cps would be good if the liquids had been enzyme treated. 

Soils, solid wastes, and sludges extracted with methylene chloride by sonication, Soxhlett or supercritical fluid extraction extract may be acid washed, concentrated, and analyzed by GC-FID, GC-ECD, or GC/MS as above. 

Ferrous nitrate hexahydrate (60 mg) followed by sodium (4.5 g, 0.196 g-atom) were added to liquid ammonia. To this mixture was added a solution of 3-methylpyridine (10.0 g, 0.093 mole) in N,N-dimethylaniline (21 ml) over a period of 5 min. The ammonia was allowed to evaporate and the residue heated under nitrogen by means of an oil bath maintained at 180°C for 18 h. The cooled residue was treated with ice (50 g) followed by 2 N sodium hydroxide (50 ml). The mixture was triturated for 2 h and then filtered. The collected solid was washed with boiling toluene (2 times 100 ml). The toluene layer was separated from the combined filtrate and washings, concentrated to about 50 ml and extracted with 5% aqueous acetic acid (5 times 20 ml). The combined extracts were filtered and reduced to dryness. The residue was recrystallized from methylcyclohexane to give 2-amino-3-methylpyridine acetate (4.9 g, 29%), melting point 85°-95°C. The acetate (2.5 g, 1.37 mmoles) was briefly suspended in 1 N sodium hydroxide (50 ml). The mixture was extracted with methylene chloride. The extract was washed with water, dried, and concentrated to give 2-amino-3-methylpyridine as an oil. 

Time t, min Volume of wash vw, gal/ft2 Wash concentration CWi lbm solute/gal... 

Data for instantaneous wash concentration versus time were taken as shown in Table 14.4. At the end of the washing period the cake was analyzed and found to have mass fraction 0.24% of salts on a moisture-free basis. How much water must be used if it is permissible to leave mass fraction 0.67% of soluble material on a moisture-free basis ... 

Calculate the average wash concentration CWjav. The instantaneous wash concentration C, , shown as the third column in Table 14.4, is plotted against volume of wash (the second column in Table 14.4) in Fig. 14.8. Now, by a material balance for the solute in the cake,... 

FIGURE 14.8 Wash concentration and percent of soluble material versus volume of wash (Example 14.4). 

Range of wash volume, gal/ft2 Solute removed, lbm/ft2 Cumulative solute removed, lbm/ft2 Average wash concentration, lbm/gal Mass of solute remaining, lbm/ft2 Present solute on moisture-free basis Average cake concentration, lbm/gal... 

NaOH added over 1 hour, and then stirred 4 hours. The reaction was quenched by pouring into ice water, extracted with diethyl ether, washed, concentrated, and 8 g product isolated. 

Table V. Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Wash Concentration on Aging of Foldur Kraft Paper ...

Another possibility is to produce concentrate from the recovered juice solids as such, so-called pulp wash concentrate , or OWP (Orange Wash Pulp) or WESO (Water Extracted Solids) respectively. 

Accepta [Accepta], TM for a rig wash concentrated detergent miscible with fresh or sea waters. 

The dihvdro-1,2,4-triazine (2.0 g, 8 mmol) was dissolved in acetone (400 mL) and 2% aq KMnO (400 mL) was added portionwise to the refluxing solution over 4 h. Mn02 was filtered from the hot solution and washed with acetone, and the filtrate and washings concentrated until solid separated. The solid was recrystallized (light petroleum ether) to give yellow needles yield 1.45g (73%) mp 123-124 C. 

Briefly, carboxylic acid 14 which must be an essentially pure enantiomer (ratio 98 2) is converted to acid chloride 15 which is an oil that needs to be directly reacted with Meldrum s acid 16 in the presence of 2 moles of pyridine to yield 17 as a stable solid however, a slurry of 17 is treated with glacial acetic acid to provide 18 directly and 17 is not isolated. The process is telescoped in practice, and all the reactions are carried out in dichloromethane, which is recovered and recycled. Thus, 14 is converted into 15 using only a 10% molar excess of oxalyl chloride using 10 mole% of dimethylformamide as catalyst. The reaction is complete after 3 h reaction at room temperature (20 to 25°C) concentration and removal of the dichloromethane yields 15 as a crude oil that is suitable for direct reaction with Meldrum s acid and pyridine at 0 to 5°C in the relative molar ratio 1 2 in fresh dichloromethane. Workup with dilute hydrochloric acid and layer separation followed by water washes results in a solution of 17 in dichloromethane. The solution is concentrated to a slurry, which is treated with acetic acid at about 70 to 80°C to form 18. The reaction mixture is worked up by adding dichloromethane and washing with aqueous sodium carbonate followed by water washes. Concentration of the washed dichloromethane layer yields enantiomer 18 that is equal in optical purity to that of the starting carboxylic acid 14. The concentrate is vacuum distilled to provide a chemically stable and chemically pure ketone 18. This material has been shown to have a shelf life of 5 years at room temperature (Scheme 11.4). 

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