Warm reserve

Some petroleum geologists believe that there may be more methane trapped in hydrates than what is associated with natural gas reserves. However, as an energy source, there is considerable uncertainty whether this methane can ever be recovered safely, economically, and with minimal environmental impact. The Russians have experimented with the use of antifreeze to break down hydrates at some onshore locations in Siberia. But perhaps a more promising approach would be to pipe warm surface water to the bottom to melt the hydrates, with a collector positioned to convey the gas to the surface. Another approach might be to free methane by somehow reducing the pressure on the methane hydrates. 

Earth counteracts global warming by its natural cold sources. This has started to show as a temperature increase of ground, air and water. Ice fields and glaciers offer another huge cold reserve and the world s total non-renewable energy use would annually melt only about 0.003% of current ice, with present use of non-renewable energy and no other cold source. 

Countries that have plenty of oil reserves, and are relatively rich, use the hydration method to produce ethanol, whereas those with a warm climate (where sugar can easily grow) and that are relatively poor, with no oil reserves, are more likely to use the fermentation method. In addition to its use in alcoholic beverages (fermentation method), ethanol is used industrially both as a fuel and as a solvent. 

The combination of C02 injection and methane production over specific PT regimes allows the heat effects of C02 hydrate formation and methane hydrate decomposition to nullify each other resulting in a sustainable delivery process which both reduces C02 emissions to combat global warming and recovers methane to supplement the declining reserves of conventional natural gas (Fig. 4). This gas hydrate phase-behaviour in response to the dissociation and formation processes clearly demonstrates the potential of C02 enhanced CH4 recovery from the Mallik gas hydrate deposit. 

Fossil-fuel reserves can be utilised while limiting the contribution to global warming. 

Silk was first developed as early as 6000 b.c. The Chinese Empress, Xi Ling-Shi, developed the process of retrieving silk filaments by floating the cocoons on warm water. This process and the silkworm itself were monopolized by China until about a.d. 550 when two missionaries smuggled silkworm eggs and mulbetty seeds from China to Constantinople (Istanbul). First reserved for use by the Emperors of China, it eventually spread to the Middle East, Europe, and North America until now when its use is worldwide. The history of silk and the silk trade is interesting and can be obtained at http / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk. 

Weigh approximately 1 g of coal into a platinum crucible and carefully ignite in a vented oven. Gradually increase the temperature to 850 °C and maintain for 1 hr. Remove from the oven and add 2 g of Na2C03 and fuse for 10 min. Leach in 25 ml of warm water in Teflon beaker. When dissolution is complete, carefully add 10 ml of H2S04. Transfer to a 50 ml volumetric flask. Make to volume with water and reserve in a plastic bottle. 

Temperature affects food supply in another way also. The Mediterranean sprat, which prefers cold waters, exploits a wider feeding area than fish that inhabit only warm waters, because it takes advantage of a greater water depth and can feed all the year round. It possesses a much greater lipid reserve than the warm-water anchovy, and its range of fatness over the annual cycle is wider (Figure 36). The feeding conditions in the warm Mediterranean waters are therefore more favourable to fish that prefer cooler waters rather than warm. 

Pre-wintering migration. Metabolism is adjusted to a stable state lipid accumulation and increase in protein are at a standstill the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the scales, which regulates the development of sclerites, decreases markedly the concentration of protein in the blood serum remains stable. During the wintering period, the metabolic activity of the population declines considerably. Lipid reserves decline steadily and tend to exhibit an increased degree of unsaturation in these warm-water fish because of the lower... 

In the Black Sea, the production of protein and accumulation of lipid occur simultaneously in cold-water fish, while in the warm-water fish the activities are separated. Pickerel, which are intermediate as regards temperature preference, display similarities to both other forms. Like the warm-water fish, the major part of production occurs during the warm season, although the amplitude of the biological rhythms is not as pronounced. Like the cold-water whiting, the pickerel use protein, not lipid, as a main reserve. 

Removal of silver salts Warm the insoluble unknown or the residue from 1 (if lead salts are present) with a concentrated solution of potassium cyanide. (If it dissolves completely, only AgCl, AgBr, Agl, and AgCN are present.) Filter and reserve the residue, R, for subsequent treatment. Dilute the filtrate considerably and treat with hydrogen sulphide. Filter off any black precipitate (Ag2S), wash, dissolve in hot dilute nitric acid and add dilute hydrochloric acid. A white precipitate of silver chloride indicates the presence of silver. 

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