Voluntary intake

Interpretation. The ammonium-N expressed as a percentage of total-N should not exceed about 11% for a good fermentation. Levels over 15% reduce palatability and can reduce voluntary intake. 

Bertone, A.L., Ralston, S.L. and Stashak, T.S. (1989b) Fibre digestion and voluntary intake in horses after adaptation to extensive large colon resection. American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, 1628-1632. 

Boismare, F., Daoust, M., Moore, N., Saligaut, C., Lhuintre, J. R, Chretien, R, and Dur-lach, J. 1984. A homotaurine derivative reduces the voluntary intake of ethanol by rats Are cerebral GABA receptors involved Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 21 787-89. 

There are two aspects of food consumption palatability and voluntary intake (47, 48). Palatability connotes the appealing characteristics of the feed and is measured as the acceptability or relative amount eaten when a number of forages are offered in cafeteria style. Voluntary intake means the amount that is consumed when a single feed is offered to the animal. Often forages that are rejected in cafeteria feeding will be consumed to a great extent in a voluntary intake trial. 

Ranking of forages by acceptability and voluntary intake will not be the same, but there is obvious mutual interdependence involving animals, since it is the total consumption of digestible energy that determines the limits of the animal for growth, fattening, or milk production. 

Figure 2. Relationship between voluntary intake and cell-wall constituents of 83 forages from West Virginia. Regression equation Y == 110.4 — 1716/ (100-X). Intake is expressed as grams per metabolic weight size, i.e. animal body weight to the. 75 power. (Reference 57)...

A further instance in which volume affects voluntary intake occurs when feeds are ground and pelleted (11,41). Pelleting of forages usually results in increased intake but the increase is greater with forages of high cell-wall content (41). 

The present experiments were undertaken to investigate modified NaOH-treatment procedures and to determine the effect of nitrogen supplementation on both the digestibility and voluntary intake of untreated and treated straw. 

Relative Intake (%) was calculated as an expression of voluntary intake per unit animal metabolic size (gram dry matter/ sheep weight 0 76) expressed relative to a standard high quality forage assumed to nave a voluntary intake of 80 grams dry matter/weightkg0-75, according, to the... 

Variable results relating to urea supplementation of untreated straw have been reported with either increases (4, 10) or no effect (12) on voluntary intake and digestibility noted. As observed increases in energy intake were still too low to maintain body weight (10), this would suggest that the beneficial effects of nutrient supplementation of low-quality forages are limited unless accompanied by delignification procedures. 

Messiha FS (1978a) Cesium and rubidium salts ffects on voluntary intake of ethanol by the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behavior 9 647—651. Messiha FS (1978b) Voluntary drinking of ethanol by the rat biogenic amines and possible underlying mechanism. Pharmacol Biochem Behavior 9 379-384. 

Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) 1991 Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients, report no. 8. Voluntary Intake of Caftfe, Wallingford, CABI (see also Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, Series B 61 815-23). 

Campling R C and Lean 1 J 1983 Food characteristics that limit voluntary intake. In Rook J A F and Thomas P C (eds) Nutritional Physiology of Farm Animals, London, Longman. 

Hill J 2007 Impacts of nutritional technology on feeds offered to horses a review of effects of processing on voluntary intake, digesta characteristic and feed utilization. Animal Feed Science and Technology 138 92 117. 

What factors affect the voluntary intake of silage ... 

E. R. Deaville, P. C. Flinn. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy an alternative approach for the estimation of forage quality and voluntary intake. In Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition, D. I. Givens, E. Owen, R. F. E. Axford, H. M. Qmedi, eds. CABI Publishing UK, 301-320, 2000. 

Palatability may increase voluntary intake. For example, flavored and paraffiivembed-ded rodenticides are used to enhance palatability, and us increase dosage, to rodents. 

Distel, R.A. F.D. Provenza. 1991. Experience early in life affects voluntary intake of blackbrush by goats. J. Chem. Ecol. 17 431-450. 

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